一步吸附法纯化制取食品级氯化钾实验研究

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2021-0741

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

青海盐湖生产的工业氯化钾有浮选剂残留和重金属超标，将其纯化应用于食品级氯化钾可以获得巨大的经济效益。以废弃物鱼鳞为原料通过活化制得鱼鳞活性炭，以鱼鳞活性炭为吸附剂采用一步吸附法同时去除盐湖工业氯化钾中的重金属铅离子[Pb（Ⅱ）]和有机胺可获得食品级氯化钾。研究结果表明:鱼鳞经过水煮和磷酸浸渍预处理，再经过550 ℃煅烧，可制得比表面积为496.152 m²/g的鱼鳞活性炭；鱼鳞活性炭纯化工业氯化钾的过程，离子交换吸附主导了鱼鳞活性炭对Pb（Ⅱ）的吸附，而静电相互作用和范德华力相互作用在鱼鳞活性炭对十八胺的吸附过程中发挥了重要作用；当鱼鳞活性炭投加量≥7 g/L时，纯化后的工业氯化钾中重金属Pb（Ⅱ）和有机胺的含量均符合GB 25585—2010《食品添加剂:氯化钾》的要求，实现了活性生物炭一步吸附法由盐湖工业氯化钾制备食品级氯化钾。

关键词: 氯化钾, 盐湖, 吸附, 活性炭

Abstract:

The industrial potassium chloride produced by Qinghai Salt Lake has flotation agent residues and heavy metals exceeding the standard.Purification of industrial potassium chloride for use as food grade potassium chloride will yield significant economic benefits.Fish scale activated carbon was prepared by activation method using waste fish scale as raw material.Using fish scale activated carbon as adsorbent，food grade potassium chloride could be obtained by simultaneously removing heavy metal lead ions[Pb（Ⅱ）] and organic amines from industrial potassium chloride insalt lake by one?step adsorption method.The results showed that fish scales were firstly pretreated by boiling and phosphoric acid impregnation，and then calcined at 550 ℃ to obtain fish scale activated carbon with a specific surface area of 496.152 m²/g.In the purification of industrial potassium chloride from fish?scale activated carbon，ion?exchange adsorption dominated its adsorption of Pb（Ⅱ），while electrostatic interactions and van der Waals interactions played an important role in its adsorption of octadecylamine.When the dosage of fish scale activated carbon was≥7 g/L，the contents of heavy metal Pb（Ⅱ） and organic amines in purified industrial potassium chloride were in accordance with the requirements of GB 25585—2010“Food Additives Potassium Chloride”.The one?step adsorption method of activated biochar was realized to prepare food grade potassium chloride from industrial potassium chloride in salt lake.

Key words: potassium chloride, salt lake, adsorption, activated carbon

中图分类号:

TQ131.13

杜柄璇,李海朝,林泽中. 一步吸附法纯化制取食品级氯化钾实验研究[J]. 无机盐工业, 2022, 54(9): 96-101.

DU Bingxuan,LI Haichao,LIN Zezhong. Study on preparation of food?grade potassium chloride by one?step adsorption and purification[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2022, 54(9): 96-101.

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鱼鳞活性炭投加量/（g·L）	w（氯化钾）/%	杂质含量/（mg·kg^-1）
鱼鳞活性炭投加量/（g·L）	w（氯化钾）/%	钙	镁	铅	十八胺	砷
0	95.131	46.300	30.100	16.300	169.800	未检出
1	97.384	未检出	未检出	10.240	115.890	未检出
2	未检测	未检出	未检出	3.239	70.404	未检出
3	98.760	未检出	未检出	1.254	37.276	未检出
4	未检测	未检出	未检出	0.941	17.058	未检出
5	99.139	未检出	未检出	0.766	13.694	未检出
7	99.259	未检出	未检出	未检出	未检出	未检出
9	99.339	未检出	未检出	未检出	未检出	未检出

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