枸杞杆制活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附研究

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2022-0252

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以宁夏农业废弃物枸杞杆为原料，用不同的活化剂分别制备磷酸-活性炭（P-AC）、氢氧化钾-活性炭（K-AC）、磷酸-氢氧化钾-活性炭（P-K-AC），利用比表面积测试（BET）、X射线衍射（XRD）、红外光谱（FT-IR）、扫描电镜（SEM）解析活性炭的孔结构和表面特性，并探究活性炭对水溶液中亚甲基蓝（MB）的去除效果。研究结果表明：P-K-AC比P-AC、K-AC具有更大的比表面积（1 519.84 m²/g）和总孔体积（0.81 cm³/g），P-AC、K-AC、P-K-AC的平均孔径分别为5.28、2.58、1.99 nm，P-K-AC以微孔为主，K-AC、P-AC均为介孔。3种活性炭表面均分布着丰富的含氧官能团和大量的无定型碳，为吸附MB提供了活性位点。在25 ℃条件下，将10 mg的P-AC、K-AC、P-K-AC分别加入50 mL质量浓度为100 mg/L的MB溶液中用于吸附MB实验。结果表明：P-K-AC的吸附效果最好，吸附率达到95%、吸附量为480.81 mg/g；其次是K-AC，吸附量为352.26 mg/g；P-AC吸附量最小，为225.01 mg/g。P-AC，K-AC、P-K-AC对MB的吸附过程都符合伪二级动力学模型、颗粒内扩散模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型。

关键词: 枸杞杆, 活性炭, 氢氧化钾, 吸附, 亚甲基蓝

Abstract:

Using Ningxia agricultural waste wolfberry stems as raw materials，phosphoric acid-activated carbon（P-AC），potassium hydroxide-activated carbon（K-AC） and phosphoric acid-potassium hydroxide-activated carbon（P-K-AC） were prepared with different activators.The specific surface area test（BET），X-ray diffraction（XRD），infrared spectroscopy（FT-IR） and scanning electron microscopy（SEM） were used to analyze the pore structure and surface characteristics of activated carbon，and the removal effect of activated carbon on methylene blue（MB） in aqueous solution was explored.The results showed that P-K-AC had a larger specific surface area（1 519.84 m²/g） and total pore volume（0.81 cm³/g） than P-AC and K-AC.The average pore diameters of P-AC，K-AC and P-K-AC were 5.28，2.58 and 1.99 nm，respectively.P-K-AC was mainly microporous，while K-AC and P-AC were mesoporous.The surfaces of the three kinds of activated carbons were distributed with rich oxygen-containing functional groups and a large amount of amorphous carbon，which provided active sites for adsorption of MB.At 25 ℃，10 mg of P-AC，K-AC and P/K-AC were added to 50 mL of MB solution with mass concentration of 100 mg/L for MB adsorption experiment，respectively.The results showed that P-K-AC had the best adsorption effect，with the adsorption rate of 95%，the adsorption capacity of 480.81 mg/g，followed by K-AC（the adsorption capacity of 352.26 mg/g），and the adsorption capacity of P-AC was the smallest（225.01 mg/g）.The adsorption process of P-AC，K-AC and P-K-AC for MB was conformed to the pseudo second order kinetic model，intraparticle diffusion model and Langmuir isothermal adsorption model.

Key words: wolfberry stem, activated carbon, potassium hydroxide, adsorption, methylene blue

中图分类号:

X712

徐荣声,冯倩,孟泽,李梅. 枸杞杆制活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附研究[J]. 无机盐工业, 2022, 54(12): 106-112.

XU Rongsheng,FENG Qian,MENG Ze,LI Mei. Study on adsorption of methylene blue by activated carbon prepared by wolfberry stems[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2022, 54(12): 106-112.

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样品	Langmuir模型			Freundlich模型
样品	q_m/（mg·g^-1）	K_L/（L·mg^-1）	R²	K_F/（mg^1-1/ⁿ ·g^-1·L^1/ⁿ ）	1/n	R²
P-AC	378.787 9	0.026 8	0.958 6	83.416 1	0.257 6	0.837 2
K-AC	462.962 9	0.130 2	0.999 6	243.539 8	0.123 9	0.966 9
P-K-AC	781.250 0	0.630 5	0.998 9	449.138 2	0.149 2	0.711 1

样品	伪一级模型				伪二级模型
样品	q_e/（mg·g^-1）	K₁/min^-1	R²		q_e/（mg·g^-1）	K₂/（10^-4g·mg^-1·min^-1）	R²
P-AC	62.890 8	0.002 3	0.735 8	229.885 1		1.130 5	0.999 5
K-AC	45.663 5	0.001 8	0.964 9	353.356 9		1.993 3	0.999 6
P-K-AC	9.395 8	0.001 2	0.264 5	480.769 2		28.84 3	0.999 9
样品	颗粒内扩散模型
样品	K_int1/（mg·g^-1·min^-1/2）	C₁	R₁²	K_int2/（mg·g^-1·min^-1/2）		C₂	R₂²
P-AC	14.058 9	7.079 6	0.970 70	0.287 4		212.617 1	0.920 8
K-AC	2.811 4	295.859 9	0.947 45	0.510 1		330.398 8	0.916 6
P-K-AC	9.678 1	376.027 5	0.931 70	0.149 6		474.422 4	0.942 6

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