废SCR催化剂中的污染物及环境风险分析

doi:10.11962/1006-4990.2020-0157

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国氮氧化物（NO_x）排放量中约有70%源自煤的燃烧,而且随着环保力度的逐渐加大及大气污染物的排放标准要求逐年提高,控制燃煤电厂NO_x的排放成为当务之急。中国普遍采用选择性催化还原法（SCR）作为燃煤尾气脱硝的方法,由此导致废SCR催化剂的产量逐年上升,预计2020年中国废SCR产生量将达到19万m³。虽然中国目前已经开展了废SCR催化剂资源化与无害化的研究,但是关于废SCR催化剂的环境风险评价却鲜有报道。概述了SCR催化剂的成分、催化原理以及废SCR催化剂的产生原因,介绍了废SCR催化剂中的主要污染物及其对环境的危害,同时简要分析了废SCR催化剂存在的环境风险及其评价方法,为中国废SCR催化剂的资源化和处理处置提供了有益参考。

关键词: 废SCR催化剂, 失活, 污染物, 重金属, 环境风险

Abstract:

About 70% of China′s nitrogen oxides（NO_x） emissions originate from coal combustion,and with the gradual incre-ase in environmental protection and the increase in the requirements of air pollutant emissions standards,the control of NO_x emissions from coal-fired power plants has become an urgent task.The selective catalytic reduction（SCR) method is widely used in China as a method for denitrification of coal-fired exhaust gas,which has led to an increase year by year in the output of spent SCR catalysts.It is expected that China′s waste SCR generation will reach 1.9×10⁵ m³ in 2020.Although the research on resource utilization and harmlessness of waste SCR catalysts has been carried out in China,there are few reports on environmental risk assessment of waste SCR catalysts.The composition of SCR catalysts,their catalytic principles and the causes of waste SCR catalysts were outlined.Then,the main pollutants in waste SCR catalysts and their harm to the environ-ment were introduced.At the same time,the environmental risks of waste SCR catalysts and their evaluation methods were briefly analyzed.The useful reference for the recycling and treatment of waste SCR catalyst in China was provided.

Key words: spent SCR catalyst, inactivation, pollutant, heavy metal, environmental risk

中图分类号:

TQ135.11

周安慧,邱兆富,杨骥,严瑞琪,卞晓彤. 废SCR催化剂中的污染物及环境风险分析[J]. 无机盐工业, 2021, 53(2): 11-16.

Zhou Anhui,Qiu Zhaofu,Yang Ji,Yan Ruiqi,Bian Xiaotong. Analysis of pollutants and environmental risk in spent SCR catalyst[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2021, 53(2): 11-16.

图/表 2

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危害成分	浸出毒性/ （mg·L^-1）	GB 5085.3—2007 规定限值/（mg·L^-1）
锌	2.94	100
镍	1.50	5
铬	0.97	5

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