退役锂离子电池电解液资源化回收技术进展与展望

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2023-0539

Abstract

Abstract:

As state⁃of⁃the⁃art batteries，lithium⁃ion batteries（LIBs） have become the most widely used batteries.China's LIBs shipments amounted to as much as 750 GW·h in 2022 and keep on a continuous growth trend.The growing use of LIBs has triggered great concern about the environmental impact and resource utilization of spent LIBs.Lithium⁃ion battery electrolyte is a key component of lithium⁃ion batteries，mainly composed of high⁃value lithium salt electrolyte and organic solvents，while the electrolyte recycling technology for decommissioned lithium⁃ion batteries is still in the developmental stage，and there is no industrialized application yet.In order to cope with the dramatic increase of decommissioned LIBs，it is of great practical significance to study green and efficient recycling technologies to realize the resource recovery of electrolyte in a safe and environmentally friendly way.Various types of technologies on lithium⁃ion battery electrolyte recycling were comprehensively overviewed and analyzed from the perspectives of principle，environmental impact，efficiency，and industrialization prospect.And the current technologies were divided into direct recycling and conversion recycling based on the recycling principle.In addition，future research directions and challenges were proposed.

Key words: decommissioned lithium?ion batteries, electrolyte, resource utilization, lithium salt electrolyte, organic solvent

CLC Number:

TQ131.11

ZHU Zongjiang, WANG Gang, WEI Yuanfeng, TANG Yanhong, KAKUTA Cheng, LIU Chengbin. Research progress and prospect of resourceful recycling technology of electrolyte from decommissioned lithium⁃ion battery[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2024, 56(7): 11-17.

Figures/Tables 7

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实验条件	夹带剂	电解液萃取率/%
使用液体CO₂静态平衡30 min→CO₂流体+0.5 mL/min的夹带剂萃取2 min→静态平衡5 min→将步骤2和3重复15次→CO₂流体萃取20 min^［26］	ACN与PC体积比为3∶1的混合液	89.1±3.4
压力15 MPa，温度40 ℃，静态萃取10 min→2.0 L/min恒定流速动态萃取20 min^［27］	—	85
压力23 MPa，温度40 ℃，萃取时间45 min^［28］	低级醇类和环状碳酸酯类	85.1（无夹带剂）
压力23 MPa，温度40 ℃，静态萃取20 min→动态萃取55 min，夹带剂用量8%^［29］	环状碳酸酯类与DMF质量比为4∶1	96.24
压力（24±1） MPa，温度（40±4） ℃，萃取50 min，夹带剂用量10%^［30］	丙酮	84.56
压力20 MPa，温度50 ℃，超声15 min→静态萃取20 min→5 L/min流量动态循环萃取30 min^［31］	以超声代替夹带剂	82

转化试剂（原理：LiPF₆+M⁺→MPF₆+Li⁺；M为K⁺、Na⁺、NH₄⁺等）	产物
氢氧化钾乙醇溶液、氯化钠饱和甲醇溶液、氯化铵饱和乙醇溶液或醋酸钾饱和乙醇溶液等^［32］	六氟磷酸钾、六氟磷酸钠或六氟磷酸铵与其对应的氢氧化锂、氯化锂或醋酸锂等
含大半径阳离子的卤化物水溶液（KCl和NH₄Cl等）^［33］	微溶或难溶的六氟磷酸盐，锂盐通过加碳酸盐反应转变为碳酸锂沉淀
双三氟甲磺酰亚胺钾^［34］	六氟磷酸钾和双三氟甲磺酰亚胺锂
含钠盐的水性剥离萃取剂^［35］	NaPF₆和锂盐
可溶性碳酸钾、碳酸钠、碳酸铵溶液或磷酸钾、磷酸钠、磷酸铵溶液^［37］	碳酸锂或磷酸锂沉淀和对应的六氟磷酸钾、六氟磷酸钠或六氟磷酸铵

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Research progress and prospect of resourceful recycling technology of electrolyte from decommissioned lithium⁃ion battery

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