废旧锂离子电池预处理及电解液回收技术研究现状

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2023-0304

Abstract

Abstract:

The rapid development of the new energy industry drives the rapid growth of the lithium battery industry.As the power battery type with the highest market share，lithium-ion batteries have been widely used in various industries，However，with the decline of battery performance，they will face a huge problem of recycling and processing waste batteries within the foreseeable recycling cycle.The common types and structures of lithium ion batteries were briefly described，and different recycling methods for waste lithium-ion batteries were introduced.According to the relevant research status at home and abroad，the pretreatment process of waste lithium-ion batteries and the recovery and treatment technology of electrolytes were elaborated，the research progress of pretreatment and electrolyte recovery treatment technology was summarized，the applicability and characteristics of different methods were discussed，and the prospects and development directions of the waste lithium-ion battery recovery industry were provided.

Key words: lithium-ion batteries, pretreatment, electrolyte, recycling

CLC Number:

TM911

LI Yaguang, HAN Dongzhan, QI Lijuan. Recent research on pretreatment of waste lithium-ion batteries and electrolyte recovery technology[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2024, 56(2): 1-10.

Figures/Tables 8

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电池材料	特性	缺点
LiCoO₂	合成简单、比容量高、放电平台高	实际容量远低于理论容量，安全性差
LiNiO₂	比容量高、价格适中、对环境污染小	合成困难，循环稳定性差
LiMn₂O₄	成本低廉、安全性和低温性能好	高温循环性能较差
LiNi _x Co _y Mn _z O₂	生产成本低、热稳定性高	不可逆容量高、循环性能较差
LiFePO₄	循环稳定性和安全性好	电子电导率和锂离子扩散速率低

锂盐	熔点/ ℃	热解温度/ ℃	水解稳定性
LiClO₄	236	>236	稳定
LiCF₃SO₃	300~400	430	稳定
LiAsF₆	340	240	稳定
LiPF₆	190~200	≥50	不稳定
LiBF₄	293~305	132~300	不稳定

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