废旧动力电池正极材料再生工艺研究进展

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2024-0060

Abstract

Abstract:

In the past decade，electric vehicles have seen significant development.Based on the life assessment of power batteries，there will be numerous end-of-life batteries.On the one hand，the regeneration of spent batteries can avoid environmental pollution，and on the other hand，it can reduce the cost of raw materials.Common recycling processes include hydrometallurgy，pyrometallurgy，direct regeneration，and so on.Hydrometallurgy has a high recovery rate and low operating temperature，which is widely used in China.Pyrometallurgy can eliminate the pretreatment process，but there is a certain waste of resources and high energy consumption.In recent years，direct regeneration has seen great progress，which can be applied without destroying the original structure of the cathode material，so it is a promising recycling method.However，to further increase resource recovery rates，reduce costs and pollution，the above methods need to be further improved.The advances in regeneration of cathode materials of spent power batteries in recent years were summarized，the challenges were analyzed，and the development trends were proposed.

Key words: spent power battery, cathode materials, hydrometallurgical recycling, pyrometallurgical recycling, direct regeneration

CLC Number:

TQ131.11

GE Jianhua, XIE Minyan, OUYANG Quansheng, SHAO Jiaojing. Advances in regeneration processes of cathode materials for spent power batteries[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2024, 56(12): 79-87.

Figures/Tables 4

Fig.1

Table 1

Comparison of leaching systems"

材料	试剂	实验条件	浸出率
废旧NCM111粉末^［14］	硫酸、过氧化氢	温度为40 ℃，搅拌速率为400 r/min，浸出时间为1 h	Li、Ni、Co、Mn均达99.70%
废旧三元正极粉末^［15］	磷酸、葡萄糖	磷酸浓度为4 mol/L，葡萄糖浓度为0.5 mol/L，固液比（质量体积比，g/L）为20，反应温度为80 ℃，反应时间为60 min	Li为97.30%，Ni为96.54%，Co为96.59%，Mn为95.31%
混合废旧正极粉末^［16］	氨水、碳酸铵、亚硫酸铵	亚硫酸铵浓度为3.56 mol/L，氨水浓度为0.61 mol/L，碳酸铵浓度为0.92 mol/L，温度为80 ℃，浸出时间为5 h，料液比（质量体积比，g/L）为10，搅拌速率为800 r/min	Co为84.56%，Li为90.31%，Ni为64.13%，Mn为4.53%，Al为1.72%
废旧LiCoO₂^［17］	海藻酸、抗坏血酸、过氧化氢	过氧化氢体积为2 mL，LiCoO₂与海藻酸的质量比为1∶10，搅拌速率为500 r/min，研磨时间为4 h	Li为97.58%，Co为98.59%
废旧NCM111粉末^［19］	草酸、磷酸、硫酸	先用0.5~2 mol/L草酸浸2~4 h，然后用0.5~2 mol/L磷酸浸3~5 h，最后用3~6 mol/L硫酸浸1~3 h。	Li约为100.00%，Ni为99.50%，Co为98.20%，Mn约为100.00%
废旧三元正极粉末^［23］	盐酸、钛网、铜板	电压为-0.4 V，盐酸浓度为2 mol/L，搅拌速率为800 r/min，温度为90 ℃、浸出时间为30 min	Li为99.90%，Co为99.90%
废旧NCM523粉末^［24］	乙酸、抗坏血酸	乙酸浓度为1 mol/L，抗坏血酸浓度为0.1 mol/L，工作电压为4 V，反应温度为25 ℃，反应时间为70 min	Ni、Co、Mn、Li均可达99.80%~99.90%
废旧LiCoO₂^［25］	柠檬酸、抗坏血酸	固液比（质量体积比，g/L）为2，n（柠檬酸）/n（抗坏血酸）=5，反应时间为6 h	Li为94.00%，Co为91.00%
废旧LiCoO₂^［25］	柠檬酸、抗坏血酸	固液比（质量体积比，g/L）为2，n（柠檬酸）/n（抗坏血酸）=5，微波功率为180 W，反应时间为25 min	Li为87.00%，Co为85.00%
黑粉（主要成分为锰和锂）^［26］	蜜糖、青霉菌	浸出时间为0~10 d，温度为40 ℃，搅拌速率为140 r/min	Mn约为98.00%

Table 1

Fig.2

Fig.3

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Advances in regeneration processes of cathode materials for spent power batteries

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