电解锰渣无害化与资源化处理技术研究进展

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2025-0126

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

电解锰渣（EMR）因富含重金属（Mn、Cr、Pb）及氨氮（NH₃-N）等污染物，已成为制约锰冶金行业绿色发展的重要难题。详细阐述电解锰生产工艺中电解锰渣的来源、理化性质及其对生态环境的危害，并系统综述电解锰渣无害化与资源化处理技术的最新进展。针对污染控制的需求，胶凝固化、高温固化及化学固化技术通过多机制协同实现电解锰渣中重金属与氨氮的稳定化与建材化利用，但长期环境风险与碳排放问题需要进一步的研究。浸出工艺方面，化学浸出、生物浸出及电场强化浸出等技术通过选择性提取有价组分实现无害化与资源化双重目标，但面临酸耗高、周期长及残渣毒性残留等瓶颈。未来研究需聚焦多源固废协同处置、浸出液短流程回用，推动电解锰行业向“资源-环境-经济”均衡发展的可持续模式转型。

关键词: 电解锰渣, 无害化, 资源化, 锰资源, 综合利用

Abstract:

Electrolytic manganese residue（EMR），enriched with heavy metals（Mn，Cr，Pb） and ammonia nitrogen（NH₃-N），has emerged as a critical challenge hindering the green development of the manganese metallurgical industry.The origins and physicochemical properties of EMR generated during electrolytic manganese production，along with its ecological hazards were presentsed.The recent advancements in decontamination and resource utilization technologies for EMR were systematically reviewed.To address pollution control requirements，cementation systems，high-temperature curing，and chemical stabilization technologies achieved heavy metal and ammonia-nitrogen immobilization through multi-mechanism synergies while enabling construction material utilization.However，long-term environmental risks and carbon emissions during treatment required further investigation.Regarding leaching processes，chemical leaching，bioleaching，and electric field-enhanced leaching technologies accomplished dual objectives of detoxification and resource recovery through selective extraction of valuable components.These approaches still faced challenges including high acid consumption，prolonged processing cycles，and residual toxicity in treated residues.Future research should prioritize synergistic treatment of multi-source solid wastes and short-loop recycling of leaching solutions to facilitate the transition of the electrolytic manganese industry toward a resource-environment-economy balanced sustainable model.

Key words: electrolytic manganese residue, detoxification, resource utilization, manganese resources, comprehensive utilization

中图分类号:

TQ137.12

李家乐, 万廷勇, 柯平超, 周义朋, 徐玲玲. 电解锰渣无害化与资源化处理技术研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2026, 58(3): 1-8.

LI Jiale, WAN Tingyong, KE Pingchao, ZHOU Yipeng, XU Lingling. Research progress on harmless and resource treatment technology of electrolytic manganese residue[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2026, 58(3): 1-8.

图/表 5

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