铬渣中镁的提取研究

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2025-0063

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

铬渣是铬铁矿制备铬盐产生的固体废弃物，对铬渣深度提取铬、铝后得到低铬渣，低铬渣中主要含铁、镁等有价金属元素，具有显著的回收价值。针对低铬渣资源化利用难题，提出硫酸铵焙烧-酸浸工艺。实验以硫酸铵为焙烧剂，基于硫酸镁与硫酸铁在高温下热分解特性差异，通过精准控制焙烧温度实现镁的高效选择性浸出，同时促进铁的稳定化富集。实验结果表明：在焙烧温度为700 ℃、焙烧时间为40 min、硫酸铵用量为1.5倍理论量、酸浸时间为30 min、搅拌转速为500 r/min条件下镁提取率达到99.38%；同时提镁残渣中氧化铁质量分数达到90%以上，为铁的高值化利用提供基础。该工艺实现低铬渣中镁与铁的高效分离，为铬渣中多金属元素的综合利用提供技术支持，对促进循环经济发展和减少环境污染具有重要意义。

关键词: 铬渣, 镁提取, 硫酸铵焙烧, 酸浸

Abstract:

Chromium slag is the solid waste generated during the production of chromium salts from chromite.After deep extraction of chromium and aluminum from the chromium slag，a low-chromium slag is obtained.This low-chromium slag mainly contains valuable metal elements such as iron and magnesium，and has significant recovery value.In order to address the challenge of resource utilization of low-chromium slag， an ammonium sulfate roasting-acid leaching process was proposed.The experiment used ammonium sulfate as the roasting agent.Based on the different thermal decomposition characteristics of MgSO₄ and Fe₂（SO₄）₃ at high temperatures，by precisely controlling the roasting temperature，efficient and selective extraction of magnesium was achieved，while simultaneously promoting the stabilization and enrichment of iron.The results showed that under the optimal process conditions of a baking temperature of 700 ℃，a baking time of 40 min，an ammonium sulfate dosage of 1.5 times the theoretical amount，an acid leaching time of 30 min，and a stirring speed of 500 r/min，the extraction rate of magnesium reached 99.38%，and the mass fraction of iron oxide in the magnesium extraction residue phase exceeded 90%，providing a basis for the high-value utilization of iron.This process enabled efficient separation of magnesium and iron from the low-chromium slag.It provided technical support for the comprehensive utilization of multiple metal elements in chromium slag，and was of great significance for promoting the development of circular economy and reducing environmental pollution.

Key words: chromium slag, extraction of magnesium, ammonium sulfate roasting, acid leaching

中图分类号:

TQ031.2

闫春宇, 曾一钧, 邱子容, 全学军, 李纲. 铬渣中镁的提取研究[J]. 无机盐工业, 2026, 58(2): 76-82.

YAN Chunyu, ZENG Yijun, QIU Zirong, QUAN Xuejun, LI Gang. Study on extraction of magnesium from chromium slag[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2026, 58(2): 76-82.

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硫酸铵用量/倍	w （MgO）	w （Al₂O₃）	w （SiO₂）	w （Cr₂O₃）	w （Fe₂O₃）	其他
0	20.41	3.24	0.93	1.78	5.81	17.83
0.5	6.05	3.86	1.47	1.82	85.65	1.15
1.0	2.29	3.90	1.55	1.92	90.07	0.27
1.5	0.12	3.75	1.14	2.26	91.32	1.41
2.0	0.07	3.95	1.53	2.03	92.19	0.23
2.5	0.06	3.98	1.55	1.99	92.21	0.21
3.0	0.02	3.67	1.75	2.01	92.37	0.18

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