煤矸石高温发泡法制备不同主晶相泡沫陶瓷及其性能研究

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2025-0052

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

煤矸石成分复杂、高值化利用难度大。以煤矸石为主要原料，通过添加辅料并采用高温发泡法制备3种主晶相分别为堇青石相、钙长石相和莫来石相的泡沫陶瓷，研究不同原材料配比组成的混合原料中Mg、Ca和Na含量对泡沫陶瓷不同主晶相含量的影响规律，结合测试表征结果，探究不同原料及原料配比对泡沫陶瓷主晶相含量及性能的影响规律，并分析不同主晶相泡沫陶瓷的潜在应用前景。增加混合原料中MgO/SiO₂质量比可使泡沫陶瓷样品中堇青石相含量增加，当堇青石相含量为86.7%（质量分数，下同）时样品的开孔率达到85.7%，可用作吸音、隔音材料。当混合原料中CaO/SiO₂质量比达到0.086时，样品中钙长石相含量为91.1%，吸水率达到225.9%，可用在吸水材料领域。当Na₂O/SiO₂质量比达到0.064时，莫来石相含量为90.7%，样品的抗压强度为1.6 MPa，闭孔率达到84.4%，可用作墙体保温材料。该研究为不同地区煤矸石的高值化利用提供借鉴与指导。

关键词: 泡沫陶瓷, 煤矸石, 堇青石相, 钙长石相, 莫来石相

Abstract:

The complexity of the composition of coal gangue leads to the difficulty of its high-value utilization.Here，three types of foam ceramics with different main crystalline phases of cordierite，anorthite and mullite were prepared using solid waste coal gangue as the main raw material by adding auxiliary materials and adopting the high temperature foaming method.The effects of Mg，Ca and Na contents in the raw material mixture on the main crystalline phase of the foam ceramics were investigated，and combined with the characterizations results，the effects of the different contents of the main crystalline phase on the properties of the foam ceramics were analyzed，and the potential application of these foam ceramics were analyzed.The results showed that increasing the mass ratio of MgO/SiO₂ in the raw material mixture，the content of cordierite phase in ceramic foam samples was increased，when the open porosity reached 85.7%，the content of cordierite phase was 86.7%，which could be used as sound-absorbing materials.When the mass ratio of CaO/SiO₂ in the raw material mixture reached 0.086，the calcium feldspar phase content was 91.1% and the water absorption rate reached 225.9%，which could be applied in the field of water-absorbing materials.The mullite phase content was mainly related to the mass ratio of Na₂O/SiO₂，when the mass ratio of Na₂O/SiO₂ reached 0.064，the mullite phase content was 90.7%，the compressive strength of the samples was 1.6 MPa，and the closed porosity reached 84.4%，which could be used as wall thermal insulation materials.This study provided reference and guidance for the high-value utilization of coal gangue in different regions.

Key words: ceramic foams, coal gangue, cordierite phase, anorthite phase, mullite phase

中图分类号:

TQ127.2

汪洋洋, 杜娟, 孟凡会, 李忠. 煤矸石高温发泡法制备不同主晶相泡沫陶瓷及其性能研究[J]. 无机盐工业, 2026, 58(3): 96-105.

WANG Yangyang, DU Juan, MENG Fanhui, LI Zhong. Study on preparation and performance of foam ceramics with different main crystals by high temperature gangue foaming method[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2026, 58(3): 96-105.

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原料	w（SiO₂）	w（Al₂O₃）	w（Fe₂O₃）	w（K₂O）	w（TiO₂）	w（CaO）	w（Na₂O）	w（MgO）	w（其他）	LOI
煤矸石	36.45	26.81	2.15	0.85	0.95	1.73	0	0	1.56	29.50
硅灰	86.30	0.53	3.76	4.12	0.03	0.88	0	0	2.58	1.80
菱镁矿	21.56	0.00	0.23	0.02	0.00	3.94	0	39.20	0.05	35.00
钠长石	64.57	19.15	0.73	1.47	0.16	1.87	10.12	0.30	0.33	1.30
滑石	55.17	0.66	1.15	0.01	0.04	4.01	0	28.92	0.84	9.20
废玻璃	69.44	1.38	1.05	0.47	0.04	10.09	13.24	3.70	0.59	0.00
白云石	0.01	0.06	0.09	0.01	0.01	38.40	0	19.18	0.58	41.66

样品编号	w（SiO₂）/ %	w（Al₂O₃）/ %	w（Fe₂O₃）/ %	w（K₂O）/ %	w（TiO₂）/ %	w（CaO）/ %	w（Na₂O）/ %	w（MgO）/ %	w（其他）/%	LOI	m（MgO）/m（SiO₂）
C1	52.53	14.97	2.44	1.71	0.54	1.81	0	4.85	1.55	19.60	0.092
C2	49.61	15.49	2.04	1.40	0.50	2.02	1.01	6.84	1.26	19.83	0.137
C3	48.53	16.42	1.89	1.27	0.51	2.07	1.52	6.86	1.15	19.78	0.141
C4	47.12	16.80	1.96	1.24	0.55	2.07	1.01	6.84	1.20	21.21	0.145

样品编号	w （SiO₂）/%	w （Al₂O₃）/%	w （Fe₂O₃）/%	w （K₂O）/%	w （TiO₂）/%	w （CaO）/%	w （Na₂O）/%	w （MgO）/%	w （其他）/%	LOI	m（CaO）/ m（SiO₂）
A1	51.87	17.41	2.03	1.57	0.52	3.84	2.69	1.20	1.27	17.60	0.074
A2	53.20	15.59	2.20	1.65	0.50	4.20	2.34	1.36	1.39	17.57	0.078
A3	52.11	16.52	2.05	1.52	0.51	4.25	2.84	1.37	1.28	17.55	0.081
A4	49.62	17.84	1.97	1.36	0.56	4.29	2.84	1.37	1.21	18.94	0.086

样品编号	w （SiO₂）/%	w （Al₂O₃）/%	w （Fe₂O₃）/%	w （K₂O）/%	w （TiO₂）/%	w （CaO）/%	w （Na₂O）/%	w （MgO）/%	w （其他）/%	LOI	m（Na₂O）/ m（SiO₂）
M1	52.38	17.75	2.24	1.72	0.55	1.65	1.52	2.00	1.57	18.62	0.029
M2	52.99	18.71	2.14	1.59	0.56	1.70	2.02	1.50	1.48	17.31	0.038
M3	51.90	19.64	1.99	1.46	0.57	1.75	2.53	1.52	1.36	17.28	0.048
M4	54.70	18.88	1.85	1.52	0.49	1.77	3.54	1.55	1.24	14.46	0.064

样品编号	开孔率/ %	闭孔率/ %	平均孔径/mm	表观密度/ （g·cm^-3）	吸水率/%	抗压强度/MPa
C4	85.7	0.9	1.99	0.34	118.7	0.7
文献^［32］	64.7			1.29		6.8
A4	65.5	26.6	2.53	0.22	225.9	0.5
文献^［34］	62.0				123.0
M4	6.0	84.4	2.54	0.26	19.1	1.6
GB/T 33500— 2017				0.28	2.0	0.6

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