氮掺杂碳纳米材料在氧还原反应催化剂中的研究进展

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2021-0164

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

长期以来,碳材料负载高分散的铂催化剂及其合金材料一直是商业化质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）中氧还原反应和氢氧化反应十分有效的催化剂。但由于Pt基催化剂成本高、电化学条件下稳定性差、易CO中毒以及氧还原反应（ORR）动力学迟缓等一系列问题,阻碍了其在燃料电池中的进一步应用和大规模生产。相比之下,氮掺杂碳纳米材料具有低成本、高活性、高稳定性、环境友好等特点,这些优异的性能使其在燃料电池领域有着广阔的应用前景。结合近几年国内外研究现状,综述了原位掺杂法、后掺杂合成法和直接热解法等3种氮掺杂碳纳米材料的制备方法,并分析了各自的优点和不足之处,及其作为ORR催化剂的研究进展。最后,对未来氮掺杂碳纳米材料催化剂研究的主要发展方向进行了展望。

关键词: 氮掺杂碳纳米材料, 氧还原反应, 燃料电池

Abstract:

For a long time,carbon supported highly dispersed platinum catalysts and their alloys have been the most effective catalysts for oxygen reduction and hydrogen oxidation in commercial proton exchange membrane fuel cells（PEMFCs）.Howe-ber,due to a series of problems,such as high cost,poor stability under electrochemical conditions,CO poisoning and slow kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction（ORR）,the Pt-based catalyst has been hindered in its further application and large-scale production in fuel cells.In contrast,nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials have the characteristics of low cost,high activity,high stability and environmental friendliness,which make them have broad application prospects in the field of fuel cells.In this paper,based on the research status at home and abroad in recent years,the preparation methods of nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials,such as in-situ doping method,post doping synthesis method and direct pyrolysis method were reviewed,and their advantages and disadvantages were analyzed,as well as their research progress of ORR catalysts.Finally,the main development direction of nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials catalysts in the future was prospected.

Key words: nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials, oxygen reduction reaction, fuel cells

中图分类号:

TQ126.2

杜淼,马志远,姬长建,王磊. 氮掺杂碳纳米材料在氧还原反应催化剂中的研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2021, 53(6): 72-78.

Du Miao,Ma Zhiyuan,Ji Changjian,Wang Lei. Research progress of nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials for ORR catalyst[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2021, 53(6): 72-78.

图/表 6

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氧还原反应路径	四电子反应	二电子反应
酸性电解液	O₂+4H⁺+4e^-→2H₂O E⁰=1.23 V（vs.RHE）	O₂+2H⁺+2e^-→H₂O₂
		E⁰=0.67 V（vs.RHE）
		H₂O₂+2H⁺+2e^-→2H₂O
		E⁰=1.77 V（vs.RHE）
碱性电解液	O₂+2H₂O+4e^-→4OH^- E⁰=0.40 V（vs.RHE）	O₂+H₂O+2e^-→HO₂^-+OH^-
		E⁰=0.07 V（vs.RHE）
		H₂O+ HO₂^-+2e^-→3OH^-
		E⁰=0.87 V（vs.RHE）

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