动力型磷酸铁锂正极材料改性的研究进展

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2022-0604

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对改性磷酸铁锂（LiFePO₄）材料作为锂离子电池正极材料的近期研究进行了综述。LiFePO₄虽然以其稳定性好、安全性好、环境友好而被认为是最具有发展前景的动力锂离子电池正极材料，但固有的电子电导率和锂离子扩散系数低下导致其电化学性能较差。针对提高其电化学性能的改性研究进行综述，分析了元素掺杂、表面碳包覆、颗粒纳米化和材料复合化4种改性策略对LiFePO₄电化学性能的影响，讨论了这4种改性策略的优缺点。分析表明，4种改性策略有效改善了锂离子扩散动力学和电子电导率，但是表面碳包覆和颗粒纳米化会降低材料的振实密度，导致能量密度低。最后，指出解决现存问题的研究方向，即开发电池性与电容性共存的改性策略将是一个可行方法。

关键词: 磷酸铁锂, 元素掺杂, 表面碳包覆, 颗粒纳米化, 材料复合化

Abstract:

The recent research on modified lithium iron phosphate（LiFePO₄） materials as lithium-ion electronic cathode materials was reviewed.Although LiFePO₄ were considered to be the most promising cathode materials for lithium-ion power batteries due to their good stability，high safety and environmental friendliness，their inherent low electronic conductivity and lithium-ion diffusion coefficient deteriorated their electrochemical performance.The study on modification to improve their electrochemical performance was reviewed in this paper.The effects of four modification strategies including elemental doping，surface carbon coating，particle nanosizing and materials compositing on the electrochemical performance of LiFePO₄were analyzed.Then，the advantages and disadvantages of these four modification strategies were discussed.The analysis showed that the four modification strategies could effectively improve the Li-ion diffusion kinetics and electronic conductivity，but the surface carbon coating and particle nanosizing would conversely reduce the tap density of the materials，resulting in low energy density.Finally，the research direction to solve the existing problems was proposed that it would be a feasible method to develop a modification strategy with coexistence of battery and capacitive properties.

Key words: lithium iron phosphate, elemental doping, surface carbon coating, particle nanosizing, materials compositing

中图分类号:

TQ138.1

潘晓晓, 庄树新, 孙雨晴, 孙高星, 任艳, 蒋声育. 动力型磷酸铁锂正极材料改性的研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2023, 55(6): 18-26.

PAN Xiaoxiao, ZHUANG Shuxin, SUN Yuqing, SUN Gaoxing, REN Yan, JIANG Shengyu. Research progress of modified-LiFePO₄ as cathode materials for lithium ion batteries[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2023, 55(6): 18-26.

图/表 7

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改性策略	正极材料	锂离子迁移速率/ （cm²·s^-1）	放电容量/ （mA·h·g^-1）	功率密度^a（0.1C）/ （W·kg^-1）	能量密度^b（0.1C）/ （W·h·kg^-1）
元素掺杂^［24］	Li_0.98Nb_0.02FePO₄/C	2.47×10^-14	114.3（10C）	113.28	517.75
元素掺杂^［33］	LFP-1	1.11×10^-11	110.6（10C）	117.64	501.44
元素掺杂^［36］	LFP-VF	2.94×10^-11	124.9（10C）	126.12	519.68
表面碳包覆^［51］	LFMP@B/P-C	1.89×10^-10	97.1（20C）	115.36	502.18
表面碳包覆^［52］	LFP@1	6.40×10^-11	119.7（10C）	120.08	527.68
颗粒纳米化^［16］	b-LiFePO₄/C	7.35×10^-14	113（10C）	106.72	527.00
颗粒纳米化^［17］	LFP/C	8.10×10^-11	140.8（10C）	134.1	544.00
材料复合化^［18］	2LFPLVP-S64	—	123（10C）	129.45	531.36
材料复合化^［65］	5LFVP	—	67（100C）	102.34	413.60

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