铬铁矿酸浸过程强化及铬铁分离研究进展

doi:10.11962/1006-4990.2019-0430

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

铬铁矿是铬盐生产的主要原料来源,铬铁矿酸浸工艺因无Cr（Ⅵ）污染且资源利用率高而备受关注。综述了近年来铬铁矿酸浸过程强化以及铬铁分离方法的研究进展。铬铁矿酸浸工艺是以硫酸为强酸浸出,通过机械活化处理、氧化剂的加入以及微波加热等辅助强化方法,使得铬铁矿能够被高效、快速地浸出。浸出液中的铬铁分离方法主要有针铁矿法、黄铁矾法、萃取法、草酸法、铁蓝沉淀法和莫尔盐法等。多种强化手段与反应过程相结合已成为铬铁矿硫酸浸出工艺的重要研究方向。

关键词: 铬铁矿, 酸浸, 微波, 机械活化, 铬铁分离

Abstract:

Chromite is the main raw material source for the production of chromium salts.The acid leaching technology from chromite ore has become a worldwide concern due to its no Cr（Ⅵ） pollution and high resource utilization.The research pro-gress of the acid leaching technology from chromite ore and its separation method of chromium-iron in recent years were summarized.The acid leaching technology from chromite ore is mainly leaching with sulfuric acid as the strong acid,and the auxiliary method such as mechanical activation,oxidizer and microwave heating could make the chromite ore be leached efficiently and rapidly.The separation methods of chromium-iron from leaching solution including goethite method,jarosite process,extraction method,oxalic acid precipitate method,ferric ferrocyanide method and diammonium ferrous sulfate method etc..The combination of various strengthening methods and reaction processes has become an important research direction of chromite sulfuric acid leaching process.

Key words: chromite ore, acid leaching, microwave, mechanical activation, separation of chromium-iron

中图分类号:

TQ136.11

秦险峰,全学军,叶鹏,封承飞,李纲. 铬铁矿酸浸过程强化及铬铁分离研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2020, 52(6): 13-19.

Qin Xianfeng,Quan Xuejun,Ye Peng,Feng Chengfei,Li Gang. Research progress of process intensification of acid leaching technology from chromite ore and separation of chromium-iron[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2020, 52(6): 13-19.

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铬铁分离方法	温度/℃	pH	沉淀种类	添加阳离子	吸附阴离子	阳离子杂质	阴离子杂质
针铁矿法	90~100	2.0~2.5	α-FeOOH、β-FeOOH	无	所有阴离子	中	高
黄铁矾法	70~90	1.2~2.0	A₂Fe₆（SO₄）₄（OH）₁₂	Na⁺、K⁺、NH₄⁺	SO₄^2-	低	中
铁蓝沉淀法	常温	1.0~3.0	Fe₄[Fe（CN）₆]₃、KFe₄[Fe（CN）₆]	无	无	中	低
草酸法	80~150	2.0~4.0	FeC₂O₄	无	无	低	低
莫尔盐结晶法	约70	<1.0	Fe（NH₄）₂（SO₄）₂·6H₂O	NH₄⁺	SO₄^2-	中	中

浸出液类型	分离条件	分离效果
含钴生物浸出液^[31]	搅拌转速为600 r/min,Na₂CO₃调节pH为3.5~4.5,温度为70~90 ℃,晶种用量为0.50~1.50 g/L	铁去除率和钴回收率均接近100%
镍红土矿酸性浸出液^[32]	空气流速为1 500 mL/min,0.25 g/L的Cu²⁺作为催化剂,恒温95 ℃,pH为2.5~3.0	Fe²⁺氧化速率约为53.8 mg/（L·min）,溶液中铁离子质量浓度降至1.0 g/L以下,镍损失率为4.1%
铬铁合金硫酸浸出液^[33]	温度为94 ℃,溶液pH为2.5,Cr³⁺质量浓度为7.2 g/L,搅拌强度为200 r/min	除铁率为99%,Cr损失率为15%
铬铁矿硫酸浸出液^[34]	水热法在Fe³⁺质量浓度为11.2 g/L、温度为120 ℃、保温时间为8 h、KOH浓度为0.1 mol/L条件下制备晶种,加入晶种后在pH为2.5、温度为90 ℃保温4 h	除铁率为97%,Cr损失率为33%

浸出液类型	分离条件	分离效果
高酸湿法炼锌渣浸出液^[37]	温度为90 ℃,溶液pH=1.5,反应时间为5 h	溶液铁离子质量浓度降到2.20 g/L左右,除铁率为96.32%,铜、锌离子少量损失
废旧锂离子电池活性粉料酸浸液^[38]	浸出液预中和调节pH至1.0,升温至95 ℃,NaOH溶液调节pH为 1.7~1.9,反应时间为2 h,调节终点pH为3.0~3.5	溶液铁离子质量浓度降至0.006 g/L,除铁率为99.9%,钴、镍、锰损失率均小于1%
铬铁矿酸浸液^[39]	Na₂CO₃调节H⁺浓度为7.41 mol/L,温度为165 ℃,加入适量晶种	除铁率接近100%,铬损失率低于7%
铬铁矿酸浸液^[40]	KOH调节pH,分别加热至120、140、160、180 ℃,保温时间为90 min	随着保温时间延长和温度升高,除铁率增加至近100%,Cr损失率降低至7%以下

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