支撑国家新能源战略发展的锂资源开发

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2022-0602

Abstract

Abstract:

Lithium is a core element to support the strategic development of new energy，whose extraction and supply are closely related to the national economy.For the targets of carbon peak and neutrality，the demand of lithium and its compounds is rising rapidly in China，while China has become the largest lithium consumer with high external dependence in the world.Lithium is mainly deposited in ores and salt lake brines，which is the top priority for lithium resource exploitation worldwide.Besides，the utilization of the secondary lithium resources in urban mines is showing great potential for the development of recycling concept and technology.The industrial methods and research progress of lithium extraction from hard rock lithium minerals，salt lake brines and retired lithium-ion batteries were summarized.Among them，lower consumption and carbon reduction were the development direction of lithium extraction process from hard rock minerals.The lithium brine extraction technology should be tailored to local conditions，then make a specific method of the lake，and the combination of multiple separation technologies should be the best choice for future engineering construction.It was essential to focus on the research of re-preparation technology of retired lithium-ion battery，which could significantly reduce the dependence of lithium-ion battery manufacture on natural resources，and it was an indispensable part of the sustainable development of new energy strategy.

Key words: new energy, spodumene, salt lake brine, retired lithium-ion battery, separation material

CLC Number:

TQ131.11

YU Jianguo,SUN Qing,QIU Shengbo,ZHANG Yiren,CHEN Jun. Lithium resources development supporting national new energy strategy development[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2023, 55(1): 1-14.

Figures/Tables 6

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方法	w （Li₂O）/%	具体工艺	锂提取率/%
氟化法	4.31^[17]	矿+萤石（CaF₂）+H₂SO₄焙烧（127 ℃→227 ℃）→水浸	95.7
	5.51^[18]	矿+HF+H₂SO₄浸出（100 ℃）→水浸	96
	7.03^[19]	转型焙烧→HF浸出（7% HF，75 ℃）	>90
	7.03^[20]	转型焙烧→HF浸出（4% HF，35 ℃）	88
	7.03^[21]	转型焙烧→NaF焙烧（600 ℃）→水洗→H₂SO₄浸出	90
	3.01^[22]	矿+NaF机械活化→H₂SO₄浸出（90 ℃）	81.2±3.0
	7.54^[16]	矿+NH₄HF₂焙烧（157 ℃）→水浸→H₂SO₄浸出	96.45±3.68
氯化法	7.2^[23]	转型焙烧→Cl₂焙烧（1 100 ℃）	约100
	7.2^[24]	转型焙烧→CaCl₂焙烧（900 ℃）→水浸	90.2
	4.5^[25]	矿+CaCl₂+MgCl₂焙烧（1 150 ℃）→水浸	>96
	4.61^[14]	矿+CaCl₂焙烧（1 000 ℃）→水浸	90
盐/ 碱焙烧法	5.66^[26]	矿+Na₂SO₄机械活化→焙烧（1 000 ℃）→水浸	92
	7.5±0.15^[27]	矿+K₂SO₄焙烧（1 050 ℃）→水浸	96.3±2
	5.64^[28]	矿+NaOH焙烧（320 ℃）→水浸→H₂SO₄浸出	71（水浸） 88（总）
盐/ 碱水热法	6.17^[29]	转型焙烧→Na₂SO₄+CaO/NaOH浸出（230 ℃）	93.30（CaO） 90.70（NaOH）
	7.0/ 5.65^[30]	转型焙烧→NaCl/NaCl+NaOH浸出（200 ℃）	>93
	5.53^[31]	矿+NaOH浸出（250 ℃）	95.8
	4.76^[32]	矿+CaO+NaOH浸出（250 ℃）	93.3
	5.28^[33]	矿+NaOH浸出（250 ℃）→H₂SO₄浸出	87.3
	6.02^[34]	矿+KOH浸出（250 ℃）→H₂SO₄浸出	89.9
	4.30^[35]	转型焙烧→水淬冷却→NaOH浸出（100 ℃）	93.0
	6.05^[36]	转型焙烧→Na₂CO₃浸出（225 ℃）	>96
	5.55^[37]	转型焙烧→K₂CO₃浸出（240 ℃）	96.43
微生物法	—^[38]	真菌Penicillium notatum，Aspergillus niger；硫杆菌Thiobacillus thiooxidans；细菌Bacillus mucilaginosus	—
微生物法	—^[39-40]	霉菌Aspergillus niger，Penicillium purpurogenum；酵母菌Rhodotorula rubra	—

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Lithium resources development supporting national new energy strategy development

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