Inorganic Chemicals Industry ›› 2023, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (7): 10-17.doi: 10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2022-0545
• Reviews and Special Topics • Previous Articles Next Articles
WANG Liping(), LI Chao(
), CHANG Ning, CAO Kun, GAO Guimei, ZHANG Yunfeng, HONG Yu, TU Ya, ZHAO Jianqiang
Received:
2022-09-08
Online:
2023-07-10
Published:
2023-07-13
Contact:
LI Chao
E-mail:chwlp2008@163.com;lichao_1122@163.com
CLC Number:
WANG Liping, LI Chao, CHANG Ning, CAO Kun, GAO Guimei, ZHANG Yunfeng, HONG Yu, TU Ya, ZHAO Jianqiang. Research progress of recovery technology of valuable elements from coal gangue[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2023, 55(7): 10-17.
Table 1
Chemical compositions of coal gangue insome regions of China %"
煤矸石样品 | w(SiO2) | w (Al2O3) | w (Fe2O3) | w (TiO2) | w (CaO) | w (MgO) | w (K2O) | w (Na2O) | 烧失量 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
陕西铜川 | 44.75 | 37.43 | 0.99 | 1.43 | 0.07 | 0.15 | 0.56 | 0.18 | 13.62 |
江苏徐州 | 45.73 | 38.69 | 0.47 | 0.45 | 0.09 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.14 | 13.92 |
内蒙古准格尔 | 42.72 | 47.79 | 2.50 | 2.00 | 2.50 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.20 | 13.02 |
湖南常德 | 44.73 | 35.21 | 1.61 | 1.42 | 0.21 | 0.48 | 0.28 | 0.35 | 14.26 |
四川攀枝花 | 58.26 | 21.13 | 5.92 | 4.79 | 2.36 | 4.62 | 1.79 | 0.32 | 15.04 |
山西大同 | 42.28 | 39.37 | 0.33 | 0.09 | 0.58 | 0.15 | 0.94 | 0.36 | 15.22 |
贵州盘州 | 40.80 | 19.17 | 12.80 | 4.70 | 2.73 | 2.14 | 0.18 | 0.26 | 15.75 |
Table 2
Summary of extraction techniques for aluminum based compounds"
技术方法 | 优点 | 缺点 | 存在问题 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
酸法 | 常压盐酸浸出;加 压硫酸浸出;微波+酸浸 | 能耗低、煤矸石综合利用率高;铝提取率高、设备要求低、酸耗量低、酸利用率高;反应时间短、效率高 | 铝提取率低,设备防腐性能要求高;压力容器操作危险性高;微波设备小 | 腐蚀性强、设备材质要求高;硫 酸铝焙烧能耗高、硫酸钙易形成 包覆;工业放大困难 |
碱 法 | 碱熔融 | 铝提取率较高、设备性能要求低 | 能耗高、废渣多 | 废渣需要大量填埋 |
酸碱联合法 | 加压酸浸+碱处理法 | 有价元素提取种类多、提取率高、产品附加值高 | 工序流程复杂 | 无 |
Table 3
Summary of rare metal extraction techniques"
技术方法 | 优点 | 缺点 | 存在问题 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
锂提取 | 碱熔+盐酸浸出+吸附法 | 锂提取率高、锂选择性好 | 能耗高、硅渣含锂 | 硅渣需处理、离子筛需改善锰溶损 |
镓提取 | 高温焙烧+加压酸浸+萃 取工艺;低温酸浸+萃取/ 离子交换/液膜工艺 | 利用碳本身燃烧、节能、镓浸出率高、萃取率高;萃取法萃取率较 高;离子交换树脂合成简单、适用 于高酸环境、低浓度镓回收;液膜 法萃取效率最高 | 硅渣含镓,质量分数小于20%;萃取剂处理困难、污染环境;低温酸浸法酸耗高、耗时长;萃取剂回收难、污 染环境;离子交换效果一般;液膜萃取剂处理难、污染环境 | 酸浸均产生硅渣,需处理;萃 取剂回收处理难,易引起火灾 和环境污染 |
钛提取 | 微波辅助+酸浸法 | 钛提取率较高、反应时间短 | 微波设备放大难 | 难以实现工业化 |
稀土元素提取 | 焙烧+盐酸浸出法;酸浸+协同萃取 | 利用碳本身燃烧、节能、稀土元素浸出率高(接近100%);稀土元素 萃取效率高 | 焙烧温度精准控制难,需要后续对稀土元素进行分离;酸浸时稀土元素浸出不完全、萃取剂回收处理困难 | 处于实验室研究阶段,需要技术重组并推进后续工作,还要注意萃取剂回收处理问题 |
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