化学吸收法捕集二氧化碳的研究进展

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2023-0446

Abstract

Abstract:

In recent years，due to the massive burning of fossil fuels，CO₂ emissions have increased dramatically，which has caused a series of ecological problems.Therefore，it is urgent to study more effective carbon dioxide capture technologies and more efficient carbon dioxide absorbents.After considering the three carbon dioxide capture process technologies of pre-combustion capture，post-combustion capture and oxygen-enriched combustion，scholars find that the post-combustion capture process technology is the most suitable for industrial applications.As an efficient，energy-saving and relatively mature emerging technology for CO₂ capture after combustion，chemical absorption is one of the most widely used and potential capture technologies in power plants.Firstly，the research status of carbon capture technology was introduced，and then four kinds of chemical absorbents that were paid close attention to in the current carbon capture technology were emphatically described，including organic amine solution absorbents，ionic liquid absorbents，ammonia aqueous solution absorbents and new phase change absorbents.The capture principle，research status，advantages and disadvantages of these four absorbents，and the direction of improvement were discussed separately.

Key words: chemical absorption method, carbon dioxide capture, absorbent, ammonia solution, ionic liquid, phase transition

CLC Number:

O647.32

SHEN Haiyan, LI Fangqin, REN Jianxing, WU Jiang, GUAN Zhenzhen, PAN Weiguo. Research progress on chemical absorption method for capturing carbon dioxide[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2024, 56(5): 11-19.

Figures/Tables 9

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类型		吸收剂	特点
非空间位阻胺	伯胺	MEA	吸收速率快、吸收效率高、吸收和再生能耗大、易腐蚀设备^［12-14］
	仲胺	二异丙醇胺（DIPA）	与MEA相比，吸收和解吸能力弱，但化学稳定性强，且腐蚀性小^［15-16］
	仲胺	DEA	吸收速率快、易于回收、溶液成本低^［17］
	叔胺	MDEA	化学稳定性强、脱碳能耗低、吸收速率慢^［18］
空间位阻胺		2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇（AMP）	吸收率高、循环能力强，浓度过高时会发生沉淀，堵塞管道^［19］

吸收剂类型	优点	缺点
有机胺溶液吸收剂	成本较低、捕集能力强、反应稳定和技术成熟	混合胺吸收剂仍需深入研究，进一步降低再生能耗，减少设备腐蚀，才能最终实现大规模工业化应用
氨水溶液吸收剂	与传统的MEA溶液相比，效率更高，成本更低，能协同脱除多种酸性气体	氨逃逸现象会造成环境污染、仪器堵塞的问题，严重限制了氨法的应用
离子液体吸收剂	CO₂溶解度高、选择性好、稳定性好、挥发性低、腐蚀性低	吸收容量低、黏度高、成本高昂，需要通过开发简单的合成方法来降低成本
新型相变吸收剂	与传统的MEA溶液相比，新型相变吸收剂的吸收容量和循环容量更高，再生能耗更低，可降至1 610~2 870 kJ/kg	目前对于新型相变吸收剂的研究还不够成熟，难以应用于工业，对于新型相变溶液的挥发和降解特性研究还不足

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Research progress on chemical absorption method for capturing carbon dioxide

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