干法后处理废盐中活泼裂片元素的净化工艺研究进展

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2021-0577

Abstract

Abstract:

With the rapid development of fast reactor research,dry post-treatment process has gradually become the focus of research.Molten salt electrolysis dry post-treatment is the core link and key technology of advanced nuclear fuel cycle system in the future.LiCl-KCl eutectic salt is the most commonly used molten salt system in the dry post-processing process.In order to extract actinides,lanthanides and strontium cesium elements from spent fuel,it is necessary to conduct long time electrolysis in the molten salt.In the process of separation and extraction of actinides,active fragment elements such as lanthanides,strontium and cesium accumulate in molten salt,which not only changes the physical and chemical properties of molten salt system,but also affects the purification effect of subsequent actinides products.In order to realize the reuse of solvent salt and minimize radioactive waste,it is necessary to regularly purify the lanthanide,cesium,strontium and other active fission elements in the waste molten salt.The principles,characteristics and development progress of the purification processes of lanthanide,strontium and cesium in LiCl-KCl waste molten salt by dry post-treatment were reviewed and compared,including molten salt extraction,molten salt electrolysis,precipitation and regional refining.The purification effects of lanthanide and active fragment elements such as strontium and cesium in waste molten salt were discussed in order to reuse solvent salt and reduce the generation of radioactive waste in the above process.It was pointed out that research of China′s waste salt purification will focus on maximizing the utilization of rare earth resources,protecting the environment and reducing waste emission to the greatest extent.

Key words: dry reprocessing, LiCl-KCl, purification, fission elements, precipitation method

CLC Number:

TL24

WU Sida,LIN Rushan,ZHANG Lei,JIA Yanhong. Research progress on purification process for active crack elements in waste salt by dry post-treatment[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2022, 54(4): 81-87.

Figures/Tables 9

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References 50

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净化方法		净化对象	优点	缺点
熔盐萃取法		镧系元素	回收率高、净化效果好	需要严格控制Li用量
熔盐电解法		镧系元素	操作简单、效率高	电解产生大量氯气,腐蚀设备,处理困难,有污染的风险
沉淀法	磷酸盐沉淀法	镧系元素	反应高效、快捷	引入新杂质,分离Cs、Sr的效率低
	碳酸盐沉淀法	镧系元素、碱土金属	不引入新杂质,可以沉淀碱土金属	除去碱土需要控制用量,且产生CO₂废气
	氧化物沉淀法	镧系元素	操作简单、不引入新杂质、净化效率高	反应时间长、操作复杂、温度高;无法分离Cs、Sr
离子交换法		镧系元素、Cs、Sr	低温熔盐离子交换技术成熟	分离产生大量废物,且难以适应高温熔盐
结晶法	冷指分离法	Cs、Sr	不引入新的化学组成	操作效率低,分离的量有限,难以实现工程应用
结晶法	区域熔融/结晶法	Cs、Sr	不引入新的化学组成,且分离效果好,效率高	需要长时间的区域熔融/结晶过程才能得到较纯的分离盐

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Inorganic Acid-Base-Salt Committee of CIESC

Research progress on purification process for active crack elements in waste salt by dry post-treatment

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