催化裂化过程中铁的钝化机理及其对催化剂抗铁污染性能的影响

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2024-0689

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以氧化镁、活性氧化铝和硝酸镧为原料，通过喷雾干燥法制备催化裂化金属捕集助催化剂CatClean，以提升催化裂化催化剂的抗铁污染性能，制备的金属捕集助催化剂CatClean主要由质量分数为60%的MgO与质量分数为30%的La₂O₃组成，磨损指数为1.3%/h。采用浸渍法进行铁污染，在催化裂化催化剂中添加或未添加CatClean的情况下，通过XRD、XPS、NH₃-TPD、H₂-TPR、EDX-Mapping等方法研究抗铁组分对催化剂反应性能的影响。结果表明：铁污染导致催化裂化催化剂的比表面积显著降低；在高温水热条件下，CatClean中的La₂O₃与铁反应生成稳定的LaFeO₃相，可有效抑制铁对催化剂的负面影响，未观察到MgFe₂O₄相的生成。EDX-Mapping结果进一步表明，铁元素可在催化剂与CatClean颗粒间迁移并被有效捕集。反应性能评价结果表明，当铁污染量为1.0%（质量分数）时，在反应转化率基本相当的条件下，焦炭产率降低0.78%~0.98%、干气产率降低0.30%~0.33%、总液收增加0.91%~0.95%，显著降低催化剂的副产物选择性，提高催化剂的抗铁污染性能。

关键词: 催化裂化, 金属污染, 氧化镁, 稀土, 铁

Abstract:

To enhance the resistance of catalytic cracking catalysts to iron contamination，a metal⁃trapping additive named CatClean was developed using magnesium oxide（MgO），activated alumina（Al₂O₃），and lanthanum nitrate［La（NO₃）₃］ as raw materials via a spray drying method.The resulting CatClean was primarily consist of 60% MgO and 30% La₂O₃，with a wear index of 1.3%/h.Iron contamination was introduced through an impregnation method，and the effects of CatClean on catalyst performance were systematically investigated using XRD，XPS，NH₃-TPD，H₂-TPR，and EDX-Mapping techniques.The results indicated that iron contamination significantly reduced the surface area of the catalytic cracking catalyst.Under high⁃temperature hydrothermal conditions，La₂O₃ in CatClean reacted with iron to form a stable LaFeO₃ phase，effectively mitigating the adverse effects of iron：No formation of MgFe₂O₄ was detected.EDX-Mapping further revealed that iron species could migrate between catalyst and CatClean particles and be effectively captured.Performance evaluations demonstrated that at an iron contamination level of 1.0%，the addition of CatClean reduced the coke yield by 0.78%~0.98%，the dry gas yield by 0.30%~0.33%，and increased the total liquid yield by 0.91%~0.95%，without significantly affecting conversion.These findings confirmed that CatClean significantly reduced the selectivity toward undesired by⁃products and enhanced the catalyst′s resistance to iron contamination.

Key words: catalytic cracking, metal pollution, magnesium oxide, rare earth, iron

中图分类号:

TQ426

杜晓辉, 刘涛, 薛亚刚, 王世存, 高雄厚. 催化裂化过程中铁的钝化机理及其对催化剂抗铁污染性能的影响[J]. 无机盐工业, 2026, 58(1): 115-122.

DU Xiaohui, LIU Tao, XUE Yagang, WANG Shicun, GAO Xionghou. Passivation mechanism of iron in catalytic cracking and its effect on catalyst′s anti⁃iron contamination performance[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2026, 58(1): 115-122.

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催化剂	质量分数/%		比表面积/（m²·g^-1）			孔体积/（cm³·g^-1）
催化剂	Fe	RE₂O₃	水热处理前	水热处理后		水热处理前	水热处理后
Cat		3.20	263.5	176.5	0.354		0.221
Catw	0.91	3.21	268.4	154.9	0.341		0.161
Catw1	0.92	4.48	260.6	169.5	0.361		0.198
Catw2	0.86	4.51	261.0	171.5	0.363		0.203

催化剂	产品收率/%						总液收/%	转化率/%	选择性
催化剂	焦炭	干气	液化气	汽油	柴油	重油	总液收/%	转化率/%	焦炭	干气
Cat	4.33	2.66	25.68	51.27	11.37	4.69	88.32	83.94	0.052	0.104
Catw	7.74	3.11	25.70	47.21	11.44	4.80	84.35	83.76	0.092	0.121
Catw1	6.76	2.78	25.17	47.57	12.52	5.20	85.26	82.28	0.082	0.110
Catw2	6.96	2.81	25.42	47.73	12.15	4.93	85.30	82.92	0.084	0.111

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