磷石膏和土壤中可溶性氟的浸出特性研究

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2024-0538

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

磷石膏作为磷肥工业的副产品，其不当堆存已成为重要的环境问题，尤其是其引发的氟污染对生态系统构成了潜在威胁。通过模拟不同浸出条件（浸出时间、固液比、温度和浸出剂pH），探讨磷石膏和土壤中氟的浸出特性。结果显示，磷石膏中氟释放量显著高于土壤，特别是在酸性、高固液比和高温条件下。随着浸出时间延长，磷石膏和土壤中氟的释放逐渐趋于稳定，浸出率分别达到2.0%和9.9%；当浸出剂pH从酸性（3.03）升高至近中性（6.88）时，氟的浸出量则呈下降趋势。浸出后，磷石膏和土壤的表面形貌发生了显著变化，颗粒减小且结构更紧密。这些研究结果表明，磷石膏在酸雨和高温条件下具有较高的氟浸出风险，尤其是在夏季常见的高温和强降雨情况下，这将导致氟进一步进入环境。研究强调了对磷石膏堆存环境的有效监测和管理的重要性，尤其是在夏季高温和强降雨地区。

关键词: 磷石膏, 土壤, 浸出, 氟污染, 酸雨

Abstract:

Phosphogypsum（PG），a by-product of the phosphate fertilizer industry，has become a significant environmental concern due to improper stockpiling，particularly regarding its potential to release fluoride，which poses a risk to ecosystems.The fluoride leaching characteristics of PG and soil was investigated under different conditions，including leaching time，solid-to-liquid ratio，temperature，and leachant pH.The results showed that fluoride release from PG was significantly higher than from soil，especially under acidic，high solid-to-liquid ratio，and elevated temperature conditions.With increased leaching time，fluoride release from both PG and soil gradually stabilized，with leaching rates reaching approximately 9.9% for PG and 2.0% for soil.As the pH of the leachant increased from acidic（pH=3.03） to near-neutral（pH=6.88），fluoride leaching decreased.Moreover，noticeable changes in the surface morphology of both PG and soil were observed after leaching，with reduced particle size and denser structures.These findings indicated a high potential for fluoride leaching from PG under acid rain and high-temperature conditions，particularly during the summer months with frequent high temperatures and heavy rainfall.The study underscored the importance of effective monitoring and management of PG stockpiles，especially in regions prone to high temperatures and heavy precipitation.

Key words: phosphogypsum, soil, leaching, fluoride pollution, acid rain

中图分类号:

TQ124.3

甘淳丹, 潘韵连, 刘恒博, 杨金燕, 张韵洁, 龙泉. 磷石膏和土壤中可溶性氟的浸出特性研究[J]. 无机盐工业, 2025, 57(9): 104-109.

GAN Chundan, PAN Yunlian, LIU Hengbo, YANG Jinyan, ZHANG Yunjie, LONG Quan. Study on leaching characteristics of soluble fluoride in phosphogypsum and soil[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2025, 57(9): 104-109.

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