乙酸胶溶拟薄水铝石制备铝溶胶研究

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2025-0041

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

铝溶胶广泛应用于石油化工催化剂、耐高温材料及锂电池材料改性等领域。为解决传统铝溶胶制备中腐蚀性气体释放、环境污染及稳定性差等问题，以乙酸为胶溶剂，采用粉体分散法制备铝溶胶，并考察酸铝比、酸解温度、酸解时间及氧化铝含量对溶胶粒径和Zeta电位的影响。单因素实验表明，酸铝比和温度对溶胶粒径和Zeta电位有显著影响。正交实验进一步证实，氧化铝含量是影响溶胶稳定性的关键因素，当溶胶内氧化铝质量分数达到20%时易凝胶化。该研究创新性地采用干凝胶再分散法制备高浓度铝溶胶。将一次铝溶胶干燥成干凝胶，去除游离乙酸，再分散于水中制备二次铝溶胶。稳定性测试表明，一次铝溶胶放置60 d后粒径从32.72 nm增大至171.72 nm并凝胶化，而二次铝溶胶在相同或更高氧化铝含量下，放置60 d后粒径未显著变化，仍保持流动性。该研究成功制备出氧化铝质量分数高达30%、稳定时间超过60 d的高浓度铝溶胶，解决传统铝溶胶制备中易凝胶及污染环境的问题，为进一步工业化生产提供相应基础。

关键词: 铝溶胶, 拟薄水铝石, 乙酸, 高氧化铝含量

Abstract:

Alumina sol is widely used in fields such as petrochemical catalysts，high⁃temperature⁃resistant materials，and lithium⁃battery material modification.To address the issues of corrosive gas release，environmental pollution，and poor stability in traditional alumina sol preparation，acetic acid was employed as the peptizer and a powder dispersion method was utilized to synthesize alumina sol.The effect of acid to Al ratios，acid dissolution temperature，acid dissolution time，and alumina content on sol particle size and Zeta potential were investigated.Single⁃factor experiments revealed that the acid to Al ratios and temperature significantly influenced the sol particle size and Zeta potential.Orthogonal experiments further confirmed that alumina content was the key factor affecting sol stability，with the sol tending to gel when the alumina content reached 20%.Innovatively，a dry gel redispersion method was adopted to prepare high⁃concentration alumina sol.The primary alumina sol was dried into a dry gel to remove free acetic acid and then redispersed in water to obtain the secondary alumina sol.The stability tests demonstrated that the particle size of the primary alumina sol was increased from 32.72 nm to 171.72 nm after 60 days，accompanied by gelation.In contrast，the secondary alumina sol，despite having the same or higher alumina content，exhibited no significant particle size change and retained fluidity after 60 days.This study successfully synthesized high⁃concentration alumina sol with up to 30% alumina content and a stability period exceeding 60 days，resolving the problems of gelation and environmental pollution in traditional alumina sol preparation and lay a foundation for further industrial⁃scale production.

Key words: alumina sol, pseudo?boehmite, acetic acid, high alumina content

中图分类号:

O648.16

孙景新, 田朋, 牟晨曦, 陈君熠, 宁桂玲. 乙酸胶溶拟薄水铝石制备铝溶胶研究[J]. 无机盐工业, 2026, 58(1): 37-42.

SUN Jingxin, TIAN Peng, MU Chenxi, CHEN Junyi, NING Guiling. Study on preparation of alumina sol by acetic acid peptization of pseudo⁃boehmite[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2026, 58(1): 37-42.

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水平	因素
水平	A 水热温度/℃	B n（HAc）/n（Al³⁺）	C 水热时间/h	D w（氧化铝）/%
1	140	0.05	4	10
2	160	0.10	8	15
3	180	0.50	12	20
4	200	1.00	16	25

序号	因素				粒径/nm
序号	A	B	C	D	粒径/nm
1	1	1	1	1	41.84
2	1	2	2	2	52.75
3	1	3	3	3	115.15
4	1	4	4	4	89.90
5	2	1	2	3	109.18
6	2	2	1	4	116.66
7	2	3	4	1	37.66
8	2	4	3	2	33.34
9	3	1	3	4	103.16
10	3	2	4	3	115.43
11	3	3	1	2	45.69
12	3	4	2	1	35.82
13	4	1	4	2	45.82
14	4	2	3	1	33.86
15	4	3	2	4	113.10
16	4	4	1	3	81.63
均值1	74.91	75.00	71.46	37.30
均值2	74.21	79.68	77.71	44.40
均值3	75.03	77.90	71.38	105.35
均值4	68.60	60.17	72.20	105.71
极差	6.42	19.50	6.34	68.41

因素	SS	F	F0.05（3，3）=9.28	F0.1（3，3）=5.39
A	114	0.43	不显著	不显著
B	948	3.59	不显著	不显著
C	111	0.42	不显著	不显著
D	16 835	63.77	极显著	极显著

样品	初始粒径/nm	60 d后粒径/nm
一次铝溶胶-10%	32.72	171.72
二次铝溶胶-10%	51.09	52.79
二次铝溶胶-20%	49.11	49.81
二次铝溶胶-30%	48.97	51.94

一次铝溶胶制备条件	10%二次铝溶胶pH	干凝胶粉内残碳量/%	二次铝溶胶 n（HAc）/n（Al³⁺）
常温-0.25	4.13	2.55	0.077
80-0.25	4.24	2.12	0.064
100-0.25	4.22	1.98	0.060
140-0.25	4.21	1.90	0.058
160-0.25	4.18	1.51	0.046
180-0.25	4.21	1.00	0.030
200-0.25	4.22	0.92	0.028

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