萃取法脱除磷酸二氢钾生产废水中氯离子的研究

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2025-0025

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对磷酸二氢钾生产过程中产生的高浓度含氯离子废水难以处理的问题，提出一种以三辛胺为萃取剂去除废水中氯离子的方法。研究萃取剂配方、萃取相比、萃取温度、萃取时间等因素对氯离子去除率的影响，并探索逆流萃取级数和反萃条件。结果表明：在萃取剂配方为三辛胺与异辛醇与煤油体积比为2∶1∶7、萃取相比（有机相与水相体积比）为1∶1、萃取温度为25 ℃、萃取时间为10 min条件下，经过三级逆流萃取后废水中氯离子质量浓度从7 500 mg/L降至294 mg/L，氯离子去除率达到96.08%；使用浓度为5 mol/L氨水进行三级逆流反萃，在反萃相比为6∶1条件下反萃率为95.43%。通过斜率法和红外光谱分析萃取机理，结果表明三辛胺萃取氯离子过程为离子缔合-离子交换过程，萃合物中三辛胺与氯离子的化学计量比为1∶1。研究提出的方法有效去除磷酸二氢钾生产废水中的氯离子，避免废水对后续处理设备的腐蚀，为磷酸二氢钾生产废水处理提供新的解决思路。

关键词: 磷酸二氢钾, 废水处理, 萃取法, 除氯

Abstract:

In response to the challenging issue of treating high-concentration chloride-containing wastewater generated during the production of monopotassium phosphate（MKP），a method for removing chloride ions from wastewater using trioctylamine（TOA） as an extractant was proposed.The effects of factors such as extractant formulation，extraction phase ratio，temperature and time on chloride ion removal rate were investigated，and the conditions for countercurrent extraction stages and stripping were explored.The results showed that under the conditions of an extractant formulation with a volume ratio of TOA，isooctyl alcohol，and kerosene at 2∶1∶7，with a phase ratio of 1∶1，an extraction temperature of 25 ℃，and an extraction time of 10 minutes，chloride ion concentration in the wastewater was decreased from 7500 mg/L to 294 mg/L after three stages of countercurrent extraction，achieving a chloride removal rate of 96.08%.Using 5 mol/L ammonia solution for three stages of countercurrent stripping with a phase ratio of 6∶1，the stripping rate reached 95.43%.The extraction mechanism was analyzed using the slope method and infrared spectroscopy，revealing that the extraction process followed an ion association-ion exchange mechanism，with a chloride-to-TOA molar ratio of 1∶1 in the extracted complex.This study presented an effective method for removing chloride ions from MKP production wastewater，preventing corrosion of equipment during subsequent treatment stages and providing a new approach for the treatment of chloride-containing wastewater in MKP production.

Key words: monopotassium phosphate, wastewater treatment, extraction method, chloride removal

中图分类号:

TQ115

陈泰尊, 李军, 金央. 萃取法脱除磷酸二氢钾生产废水中氯离子的研究[J]. 无机盐工业, 2026, 58(2): 92-99.

CHEN Taizun, LI Jun, JIN Yang. Study on removal of chloride ions from wastewater produced in production of monopotassium phosphate using extraction method[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2026, 58(2): 92-99.

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样品	质量浓度/（mg·L^-1）
样品	Cl^-	H₂PO₄^-	F^-	SO₄^2-	Na⁺	K⁺	氨氮 COD
废水	7 500	29 745	1 100	1 440	2 100	13 600	3 400	1 150

级数	ρ（Cl^-）/（mg·L^-1）	级数	ρ（Cl^-）/（mg·L^-1）
原液	7 500	二级	591
一级	1 993	三级	294

样品	质量浓度/（mg·L^-1）
样品	Cl^-	H₂PO₄^-	F^-	SO₄^2-	Na⁺	K⁺	氨氮 COD
萃取后废水	294	29 538	481	12 498	2 100	13 600	3 400	1 430

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