无机盐工业 ›› 2025, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (3): 18-29.doi: 10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2024-0319
李永翔1(), 刘晨曦1, 李云东1, 马航1, 梅连平1, 党辉1, 孙智1, 万邦隆1,2(
)
收稿日期:
2024-06-11
出版日期:
2025-03-10
发布日期:
2024-07-11
通讯作者:
万邦隆(1982— )男,高级工程师,西安交通大学在职博士,研究方向为磷化工新材料的开发与应用;E-mail:31480257@qq.com。作者简介:
李永翔(1997— )男,助理工程师,研究方向为磷系阻燃剂的开发与应用;E-mail:523895791@qq.com。
LI Yongxiang1(), LIU Chenxi1, LI Yundong1, MA Hang1, MEI Lianping1, DANG Hui1, SUN Zhi1, WAN Banglong1,2(
)
Received:
2024-06-11
Published:
2025-03-10
Online:
2024-07-11
摘要:
近年来,黑磷(BP)作为一种概念上全新的二维层状材料,由于其独特的结构及优秀的物化性质,如比表面积大、各向异性高、光吸收宽、载流子迁移率高等,在半导体、电化学、太阳能电池、光催化、阻燃、生物医学等领域有着良好的发展潜力。由于黑磷的高成本限制了其进一步发展和应用,研究黑磷制备工艺成为了当下热点。对黑磷制备工艺进行了系统的综述,首先介绍了黑磷的物化性质及应用领域;其次介绍了黑磷的制备方法,包括高压法、机械球磨法、溶剂热法、铋熔化法、汞回流法、化学气相传输法(CVT)等;着重介绍了CVT的优化过程及机理研究;最后总结归纳了不同制备工艺的优缺点,并展望了其未来发展方向。
中图分类号:
李永翔, 刘晨曦, 李云东, 马航, 梅连平, 党辉, 孙智, 万邦隆. 黑磷制备工艺研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2025, 57(3): 18-29.
LI Yongxiang, LIU Chenxi, LI Yundong, MA Hang, MEI Lianping, DANG Hui, SUN Zhi, WAN Banglong. Research progress of preparation technology of black phosphorus[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2025, 57(3): 18-29.
表1
黑磷制备方法优缺点对照表
方法 | 工艺 | 优点 | 缺点 |
---|---|---|---|
高压法 | 以红磷或白磷为原料,在高温(200~1 000 ℃)、高压(1.2~4.5 GPa)下制备黑磷 | 反应时间短(5~60 min),不需要额外催化剂,产品晶型好 | 压力要求极高、制备出的黑磷尺寸小、产率低 |
汞催化法 | 以白磷为原料,引入金属汞作为催化剂,在高温(370~410 ℃)下制备黑磷 | 无需高压条件、制备成本低、能耗低 | 汞催化剂难以去除,且具有毒性,制备周期长(数天) |
铋熔化法 | 以白磷为原料,将液态铋浇筑在白磷上,在高温下(400 ℃)制备黑磷 | 避免了有毒催化剂的使用、产品晶型好 | 制备工艺复杂、制备周期长(20~58 h)、产品含有杂质,纯度低 |
机械球磨法 | 以红磷为原料,利用机械能制备黑磷 | 工艺操作简单、无副产物产生、无需加入催化剂或溶剂、制备周期短(1~2 h)、易于工业化生产 | 黑磷产品尺寸小、晶型差、产品含有红磷杂质、纯度低 |
化学气相 传输法 | 以红磷为原料,固体红磷和矿化剂(Sn、I2、SnI2、SnI4等)在高温区升华,然后以结晶的形式于低温区结晶成黑磷 | 反应工艺简单、成本低、能耗低、工艺技术较为成熟、晶型好 | 反应机理不明确、制备周期长(10 h~数天)、产品含有矿化剂等杂质、纯度低 |
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