镍基氨分解制氢催化剂体系助催化剂研究进展

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2022-0309

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氢能作为一种全球公认的清洁能源引起各界的广泛关注，催化氨分解反应是获得纯净氢气的重要途径之一。镍基催化剂因具有良好的经济性和催化活性，展示出潜在的工业应用前景。然而相比于贵金属催化剂钌、铱、铂，镍催化反应体系则需要更高的反应温度，增加了反应能耗。另外，高温反应条件也容易引起活性组分的烧结，导致活性降低。碱金属、碱土金属、稀土金属等助催化剂对改善镍基催化剂性能有显著的效果。结合金属镍氨分解制氢的反应机理，详细讨论了助催化剂的引入对催化剂性能提升的原因，主要表现在其改善了催化剂的酸碱性、金属分散性和颗粒大小以及稳定性等方面。最后，对镍基催化剂助催化剂的发展方向进行了合理展望，指出应从原位表征对催化剂进行研究，探索原子尺度的制备方法以实现精准调控，以及深入探究助剂的作用机理等。

关键词: 氨分解, 制氢, 助催化剂, 镍基催化剂

Abstract:

As a globally accepted clean energy carrier，hydrogen has attracted much attention.Catalytic ammonia decomposition reaction is one of the important ways to obtain CO _x -free H₂.Ni-based catalysts have great potential to be used in industry because of their good economy and catalytic activity.However，compared with the noble metal catalyst Ru，Ir，Pt，the Ni-based catalytic reaction system needs higher reaction temperature and increases the reaction energy consumption.In addition，high-temperature reaction conditions are also easy to cause the sintering of active components，resulting in the decrease of activity.Cocatalysts，such as alkali metals，alkaline earth metals and rare earth metals，have significant effects on improving the performance of Ni-based catalysts.Combining with the reaction mechanism of Ni-based catalyst for ammonia decomposition to hydrogen，the influence of the introduction of cocatalysts on the improvement of catalyst performance was discussed in detail.It was mainly reflected in changing the acidity and alkalinity，metal dispersion，particle size and stability of the catalyst.Finally，the development direction of nickel-based cocatalyst was reasonably prospected.It was pointed out that the catalysts should be studied from the perspective of in-situ characterization，the preparation method at atomic scale should be explored for precise regulation，and the mechanism of the promoter should be further explored.

Key words: ammonia decomposition, hydrogen production, cocatalyst, nicke-based catalyst

中图分类号:

TQ426.98

张凌峰, 樊亚娟, 冒辰辰, 伍士国, 顾红霞. 镍基氨分解制氢催化剂体系助催化剂研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2023, 55(3): 21-27.

ZHANG Lingfeng, FAN Yajuan, MAO Chenchen, WU Shiguo, GU Hongxia. Research progress of cocatalyst of nicke-based catalyst system for hydrogen production from ammonia decomposition[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2023, 55(3): 21-27.

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催化剂	比表面积/（m²•g^-1）	Ni分散性/%	Ni粒径/nm	碱性位浓度/ （μmol•g_cat^-1）	NH₃转换率（550 ℃）/%
Ni/Ba-Al-O^[18]	15.0	—	24.2	—	95
Ni/MgAl（6∶1）^[19]	138	8.4	9.3	0.6 μmol/m²	48
Ni/BaZrO₃^[20]	7.4	—	99.2	90	94
Ni/γ-Al₂O₃^[21]	—	1.01±0.03	—	227	54.0±0.6
Ni/Ce-doped Al₂O₃（N-N）^[21]	135.6	3.15±0.10	—	304	87.9±0.4
N_1.20A^[22]	216	0.13	6.8	—	38.2
N_1.20C_0.10A^[22]	181	0.21	6.5	—	98.3
Ni/γ-Al₂O₃^[23]	—	1.6	16	41	56.8±0.9
Ni/ZrO₂-doped Al₂O₃^[23]	—	3.3	9	49	79.8±0.6
N_1.20A^[27]	216	25.5	3.6	—	76
N_1.20L_0.06A^[27]	175	30.8	2.8	—	88
Ni/Al₂O₃^[28]	142	—	6.0	—	71
Ni/Ce_0.8Zr_0.2O₂^[28]	78	—	7.0	—	86
Ni/Al-Ce_0.8Zr_0.2O₂^[28]	114	—	2.9	—	95

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