多级孔碳在锂硫电池正极中的研究进展

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2021-0243

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

锂硫电池因其理论能量密度高、原材料丰富、成本低廉等优点而受到广泛关注。然而硫正极电导率低、体积膨胀、以及脱嵌锂过程中多硫化物产生的穿梭效应等问题限制了锂硫电池的商业化应用。其采用导电材料作为硫载体,一方面可缓解体积膨胀,另一方面可改善正极导电性,同时一定程度上限制多硫穿梭。多级孔碳由于具有导电性优良、结构稳定、孔径及形貌可控等优点,被认为是一种理想的硫载体。从锂硫电池的发展背景出发阐述了多级孔碳作为硫载体的研究意义,首先介绍了多级孔碳材料的制备方法如硬模板法、软模板法和活化法等,进一步介绍了碳材料中的微孔、介孔及大孔在锂硫电池中提升导电性、稳定结构和抑制多硫穿梭效应的作用机理,最后对多级孔碳作为硫载体推进锂硫电池的发展前景进行了展望。

关键词: 多级孔碳, 锂硫电池, 硫正极, 穿梭效应, 多硫化物

Abstract:

Lithium-sulfur batteries have received widespread attention due to their high theoretical energy density,abundant raw materials,and low cost.However, the low electrical conductivity and large volume expansion of sulfur cathode, and the shuttle effect of polysulfides in the process of de/intercalating lithium-ion hinder the commercial application of lithium-sulfur batteries.Combining the conductive materials as the sulfur carrier not only relieves volume expansion of sulfur cathode but also improves the conductivity of the positive electrode while restricting the shuttle of polysulfides to a certain extent.Hierarchical porous carbon is considered to be an ideal sulfur cathode carrier for its good conductivity,stable structure,controllable pore size,and morphology.Based on the development background of lithium-sulfur batteries,the research significance of hierarchical porous carbon as a sulfur carrier was explained.First,the preparation methods of hierarchical porous carbon materials such as hard template method,soft template method and activation method were introduced.The mechanism of micropores,mesopores and macropores in carbon materials in improving conductivity,stabi-lizing structure and inhibiting polysulfides shuttle effect in lithium-sulfur batteries was introduced.Finally, the prospects of hierarchical porous carbon was used as a sulfur carrier to promote the development of lithium-sulfur batteries were looked forward.

Key words: hierarchically porous carbon, lithium-sulfur batteries, sulfur cathode, shuttle effect, polysulfides

中图分类号:

TQ131.11

宋娅, 龙家英, 庞驰, 石斌, 牟钦尧, 邵姣婧. 多级孔碳在锂硫电池正极中的研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2021, 53(6): 41-48.

Song Ya, Long Jiaying, Pang Chi, Shi Bin, Mu Qinyao, Shao Jiaojing. Research progress of hierarchically porous carbon in the cathode of lithium-sulfur batteries[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2021, 53(6): 41-48.

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正极材料	理论容量/ （mA·h·g^-1）	实际容量/ （mA·h·g^-1）	工作电压/V	原料供应
钴酸锂（LiCoO₂）	274	140~170	3.7	匮乏
镍钴锰三元材料（LiNi_1-_x_-_yCo_xMn_yO₂）	278	145~190	3.6	相对匮乏
锰酸锂（LiMn₂O₄）	148	90~120	3.8	丰富
磷酸铁锂（LiFePO₄）	170	110~160	3.5	非常丰富
硫正极（S）	1 675	800~1 600	2.1	非常丰富

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