中国锂资源供需现状分析

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2021-0002

Abstract

Abstract:

With the rapid development of strategic emerging industries such as new energy and new materials,the demand for mineral resources in emerging industries such as unconventional energy,rare earth elements and lithium has become increas-ingly prominent.Lithium is one of the scarce emerging mineral resources in the “National Mineral Resources Planning 2016-2020”.In addition,the international attention to the new energy vehicle industry in recent years has led to an increase in the demand for lithium resources year by year.Although China has a certain advantage in the amount of lithium resources,the in-dustrial development layout is not reasonable,resource development can not keep up with the requirements of industrial de-velopment,and most of the basic lithium salt depends on the import of raw materials,so the development and utilization ca-pacity of lithium resources in China needs to be strengthened.The overall occurrence of three types of lithium resources in China was summarized, including salt lake brine type,hard rock type and deep underground brine type,and the research status and related mining technology of each type of lithium resources were analyzed.At the same time, combining the present situation of supply and demand of lithium resources in China,the production of various types of lithium resources supply situation was analyzed.It was pointed out that the current production of Chinese salt lake brine type lithium resources was short in China, hard rock type lithium supply was high external dependency,and deep underground brine was expected to become the future lithium resources powerful supplement.It was suggested to strengthen the investigation of deep underground brine type lithium resources evaluation and the study of comprehensive utilization of resources.

Key words: lithium resources, salt lake brine, deep underground brine, mining technology, supply and demand status

CLC Number:

TQ131.11

HAN Jiahuan,NIE Zhen,FANG Chaohe,WU Qian,CAO Qian,WANG Yunsheng,BO Lingzhong,YU Jiangjiang. Analysis of existing circumstance of supply and demand on China′s lithium resources[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2021, 53(12): 61-66.

Figures/Tables 9

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Table 5

Fig.4

References 26

[1]	刘丽君, 王登红, 刘喜方, 等. 国内外锂矿主要类型、分布特点及勘查开发现状[J]. 中国地质, 2017, 44(2):263-278.
[2]	高娟琴, 王登红, 王伟, 等. 国内外主要油(气)田水中锂提取现状及展望[J]. 地质学报, 2019, 93(6):1489-1500.
[3]	苏彤, 郭敏, 刘忠, 等. 全球锂资源综合评述[J]. 盐湖研究, 2019, 27(3):104-111.
[4]	USGS. Mineral Commodity Summaries数据库[DB/OL]. [2021-10-28]. https://www.usgs.gov/centers/nmic/lithium-statistics-and-information .
[5]	中国科学院大学文献情报中心. EPS数据平台[DB/OL]. [2021-10-28]. https://olap-epsnet-com-cn.webvpn.las.ac.cn/auth/sear-ch.html?cubeScope=0&keywords=%25u9502 .
[6]	罗宁川, 莫子璇. 2019 年中国锂行业市场情况[J]. 中国金属通报, 2019(11):1-3.
[7]	周园园. 中国锂资源供需形势及对外依存度分析[J]. 资源与产业, 2019, 21(3):46-50.
[8]	曹兆江, 高敏, 宁占玉, 等. 青海盐湖锂资源及提锂技术概述[J]. 化工设计通讯, 2019, 45(6):190-207.
[9]	李美鲜. 西藏龙木错盐湖卤水锂硼提取工艺研究[D]. 赣州:江西理工大学, 2012.
[10]	熊增华, 王石军. 察尔汗盐湖资源开发利用现状及关键技术进展[J]. 化工矿物与加工, 2021, 50(1):33-37.
[11]	李庆香. 察尔汗盐湖富锂区域卤水锂资源开采前瞻分析[J]. 化工管理, 2020(24):135-136.
[12]	高敏, 东文赟, 杨尚明. 东台吉乃尔盐湖锂盐资源开发利用分析[J]. 科技风, 2018(22):111.
[13]	董启伟, 范增林, 陈金牛, 等. 青海柴达木盆地东台吉乃尔湖锂、硼、钾矿矿床水文地质特征[J]. 中国锰业, 2018, 36(4):31-34.
[14]	乜贞, 卜令忠, 郑绵平. 中国盐湖锂资源的产业化现状——以西台吉乃尔盐湖和扎布耶盐湖为例[J]. 地球学报, 2010, 31(1):95-101.
[15]	唐发满, 解安福, 昝超, 等. 东、西台吉乃尔盐湖及一里坪盐湖卤水资源开发现状及对策研究[J]. 化工矿物与加工, 2020, 49(2):48-51,56.
[16]	杨卉芃, 柳林, 丁国峰. 全球锂矿资源现状及发展趋势[J]. 矿产保护与利用, 2019, 39(5):26-40.
[17]	穆延宗. 柴达木盆地西部第三系油田水成盐元素分布规律与成因[D]. 北京:中国地质科学院. 2016.
[18]	LI R Q, LIU C L, JIAO P C, et al. The tempo-spatial characteristics and forming mechanism of Lithium-rich brines in China[J]. China Geology, 2018, 1(1):72-83. doi: 10.31035/cg2018009
[19]	刘溪溪, 岳鑫, 袁文虎, 等. 柴达木盆地西部狮子沟背斜构造区深部卤水水化学特征及演化分析[J]. 盐湖研究, 2019, 27(1):73-81.
[20]	毛建业, 汪青川, 王占巍, 等. 青海茫崖狮子沟地区深层卤水钾盐成矿远景区矿产资源调查[J]. 中国锰业, 2017, 35(5):87-89,93.
[21]	苏慧, 朱兆武, 王丽娜, 等. 矿石资源中锂的提取与回收研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(1):10-23.
[22]	田键, 李涛, 王明焱, 等. 典型锂矿石提锂技术研究进展[J]. 湖北大学学报:自然科学版, 2020, 42(1):56-60.
[23]	中国科学院大学文献情报中心. 中国经济景气月报[DB/OL]. [2021-10-28]. https://olap-epsnet-com-cn.webvpn.las.ac.cn/ .
[24]	中国科学院大学文献情报中心. 中国宏观经济数据库[DB/OL]. [2021-10-28]. https://olap-epsnet-com-cn.webvpn.las.ac.cn/ .
[25]	中国有色金属工业协会锂业分会. 锂盐产品产量、消费量数据[EB/OL]. [2021-10-28]. http://www.chinali.org/ .
[26]	张泽南, 张照志, 吴晴, 等. 中国锂矿资源需求预测[J]. 中国矿业, 2020, 29(7):9-15.

产地	主要锂矿类型	锂资源储量及资源量分布		备注
产地	主要锂矿类型	储量	资源量	备注
青海	盐湖卤水	359.96	427.19	以LiCl计
西藏	盐湖卤水	2 348.80	—	以Li₂CO₃计^[5]
湖北	盐湖卤水	—	309.09	以LiCl计
四川	锂辉石	1.42	153.11	以Li₂O计
新疆	锂辉石	0.08	11.56	以Li₂O计
福建	锂辉石	2.20	—	以Li₂CO₃计^[5]
山西	锂辉石	0.20	—	以Li₂CO₃计^[5]
江西	锂云母	32.99	5.61	以Li₂O计
河南	锂云母	—	7.02	以Li₂O计
湖南	锂云母	0.01	35.53	以Li₂O计
内蒙古	锂云母	—	4.14	以Li₂O计
贵州	铝土矿伴生	—	16.94	以Li₂O计

盐湖	水化学类型	ρ（Li⁺）/（mg·L^-1）	开发利用程度	提锂技术
察尔汗^[10,11]	氯化物型	平均2 285.1^* （以LiCl计）	保有LiCl孔隙度储量为402.39万t,保有LiCl给水度资源量为179.63万t,2018、2019年Li₂CO₃连续稳产1.1万t,新建2万t/a装置,正在试生产	吸附法（吸附+纳滤膜+反渗透）
东台吉乃尔^[12,13,14]	硫酸盐型	400~1 200	LiCl孔隙度储量为284.78万t,LiCl给水度资源量为158.58万t,Li₂CO₃年产量为2.0万t	电渗析离子交换分离
西台吉乃尔^[15]	硫酸盐型	1 880~3 850^* （以LiCl计）	LiCl资源量为308万t,可采资源储量为130万t,Li₂CO₃年产量为2.2万t	煅烧法分离镁锂
一里坪^[15]	硫酸盐型	—	保有给水度储量以LiCl计为178.00万t、以Li₂CO₃计为154.93万t,Li₂CO₃年产量为1.0万t	纳滤膜分离
扎布耶^[14]	碳酸盐型	420~1 610	Li₂CO₃资源量为183万t,Li₂CO₃年产量为5 000 t	太阳池技术

区域	水化学类型	ρ（Li⁺）/ （mg·L^-1）	基本特征	开发研究现状
青海-南翼山^[17]	氯化物型	72~280	卤水类型为构造裂隙孔隙卤水,埋藏于地下 1 000~3 000 m,高矿化度、高钙、低镁和低硫酸根	LiCl资源量丰富,中试阶段
青海-狮子沟^[18,19,20]	硫酸盐型	50~300	具有高B、Li、Ca、Sr和低Mg的特点,水化学类型由外到内依次为碳酸钠型、硫酸钠型和氯化钙型,表现出盐类沉积矿床典型的环状沉积规律	LiCl 资源量为1 864.70 t,处于调查评估阶段
四川^[17]	—	30~323	川东、川东北、川北、川西北、川南等地均有卤水资源,特别是在自贡、平落坝、川东北等地均有富锂油田水	1966年自贡产碳酸锂1 652 t;2019年用冷冻结晶- 芒硝兑卤复合工艺提取碳酸锂,纯度可达96.73%; 自贡市燊海井油田卤水迄今还在进行工业开采

锂矿石原料	提锂技术	优缺点
锂辉石	硫酸焙烧法	提取率高,操作简单;消耗大量浓硫酸,产生大量废酸,处理难度大
	氯化焙烧法	LiCl纯度超过99.9%,工艺简单;对设备要求高,实际生产复杂,大规模生产工艺有待验证
	石灰石焙烧法	生产工艺简单,原料价格低;能耗高,锂回收率低
	压煮法	生产流程短,效率高;压煮条件要求严格,技术操作要求较高
锂云母	硫酸焙烧法	降低能耗,回收并综合利用各金属
	硫酸盐焙烧法	锂转化率达到95%,生产成本低;在实际工业生产中还需验证
	氯化物焙烧法	锂转化率高,能耗低;设备耐腐蚀性要求高,工业上难以推广
	石灰石焙烧法	Li₂O溶出率达到91%;物料量大,渣量大、不易利用
	压煮法	Li₂O溶出率为92%以上,工艺流程简单,提取率高;实验要求高,能耗高

年份	氢氧化锂		锂的氧化物		氯化锂		锂的碳酸盐		磷酸铁锂
年份	进口	出口	进口	出口	进口	出口	进口	出口	进口	出口
2015	179.0	7 962.0	65.0	13.0	3 358.0	449.0	9 541.0	1 332.0	2 085.0	120.0
2016	37.7	1 875.5	8.2	5.0	1 594.9	136.0	6 023.6	324.0	1 743.7	85.0
2017	401.0	12 169.0	0.0	9.3	2 766.0	431.0	19 444.0	941.0	798.0	59.0
2018	1 319.4	27 279.4	24.0	871.4	2 967.7	2 967.7	24 996.8	11 131.4	197.5	80.1

National Inorganic Salts Information Center

Inorganic Acid-Base-Salt Committee of CIESC

Analysis of existing circumstance of supply and demand on China′s lithium resources

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 9

References 26

Related Articles 15

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

[1]	FU Yu, DENG Mi, HUANG Donggen, WAN Jinbao. Research progress of lithium extraction technology from salt lake brine [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2023, 55(9): 9-16.
[2]	LU Nana, QIN Yaru, MA Shuqing, WANG Qihui, LIU Bing, SHI Chenglong. Study on extraction of lithium from simulated old brine of salt lake by pyridine ionic liquid system [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2023, 55(7): 45-50.
[3]	YU Jianguo,SUN Qing,QIU Shengbo,ZHANG Yiren,CHEN Jun. Lithium resources development supporting national new energy strategy development [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2023, 55(1): 1-14.
[4]	LIN Yuqing,ZHANG Yiren,QIU Yulong,ZHANG Jiayu,YU Jianguo. Progress and prospect of membrane technology in lithium extraction from salt lake brine [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2023, 55(1): 33-45.
[5]	WANG Ping. Quantitative analysis of linkage between lithium supply and demand and lithium price [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2022, 54(9): 1-13.
[6]	KUANG Xinliang,LIU Chuixiang,XIONG Peng. Industry analysis and market prospect of lithium ion battery [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2022, 54(8): 12-19.
[7]	NIE Zhen,WU Qian,DING Tao,BU Lingzhong,WANG Yunsheng,YU Jiangjiang,HOU Xianhua. Research progress on industrialization technology of lithium extraction from salt lake brine in China [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2022, 54(10): 1-12.
[8]	MA Zhen. Research progress on efficient separation and extraction technology of lithium resources in salt lakes [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2022, 54(10): 22-29.
[9]	Xiong Jiaqing,Zhang Yu,Zhu Junguo. Study on process of producing low-sodium carhalite by double brine mixing method [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2021, 53(8): 44-49.
[10]	Cheng Penggao,Huang Chuanfeng,Gan Shantian,Gong Jingkuan,Xiang Jun,Tang Na. Preparation of aluminum-based lithium adsorbent and its application in extracting lithium from Taihe underground brine [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2021, 53(6): 140-144.
[11]	Chen Wang,Jiang Lei,Pan Qiaozhen,Yang Weiwei,Zhu Xianrong,Chen Linlin,Zhu Wenshuai. Research on preparation and adsorption performance of titanium lithium ion sieve [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2021, 53(10): 47-51.
[12]	Zhang Sujiang,Zhang Yanwen,Zhang Liwei,Jiang Ailing,Liu Guiyun. Present situation and sustainable development strategy of China′s lithium resources [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2020, 52(7): 1-7.
[13]	Gu Junjie,Li Zengrong,Tang Faman,Zhang Xu,Hou Miaomiao,Wang Xiaohu. Study on continuous ion exchange process applied in lithium extraction from salt lake brine with adsorption method [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2020, 52(7): 46-51.
[14]	Li Xinwang,Gu Xiaojuan,Zuo Dahai,Yang Shuxiong,Peng Kangming. Pilot study of ceramic ultrafiltration membrane for qualified lithium-extraction solution from salt lake brine [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2020, 52(4): 61-64.
[15]	Qin Yaru,Shi Chenglong,Wang Xingquan,Song Guixiu,Li Hongxia,Zhang Jingjing. Study on scrubbing process of lithium extraction from brine in ionic liquid system [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2020, 52(3): 55-58.