无机盐工业
主管:中海油天津化工研究设计院有限公司
主办:中海油天津化工研究设计院有限公司
   中海油炼油化工科学研究院(北京)有限公司
   中国化工学会无机酸碱盐专业委员会
ISSN 1006-4990 CN 12-1069/TQ

无机盐工业 ›› 2023, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (9): 9-16.doi: 10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2022-0726

• 综述与专论 • 上一篇    下一篇

盐湖卤水提锂技术研究进展

付煜1(), 邓觅2, 黄冬根1(), 万金保1   

  1. 1.南昌大学资源与环境学院,鄱阳湖环境与资源利用教育部重点实验室,江西 南昌 330031
    2.江西省科学院,江西 南昌 330096
  • 收稿日期:2022-12-09 出版日期:2023-09-10 发布日期:2023-09-19
  • 通讯作者: 黄冬根(1964— ),男,教授,博导,主要从事水污染控制技术研究;E-mail:dghuang1017@163.com
  • 作者简介:付煜(1993— ),男,博士,工程师,主要从事水污染控制工程设计与环境政策研究;E-mail:3249487385@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(41967046)

Research progress of lithium extraction technology from salt lake brine

FU Yu1(), DENG Mi2, HUANG Donggen1(), WAN Jinbao1   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory of Environment and Resource Utilization of Poyang Lake,Ministry of Education,School of Resources and Environment,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330031,China
    2.Jiangxi Academy of Sciences,Nanchang 330096,China
  • Received:2022-12-09 Published:2023-09-10 Online:2023-09-19

摘要:

随着电动汽车等产业的迅速扩展,对锂原料的需求急剧增加。矿石锂资源濒临枯竭,而盐湖卤水中锂资源储量丰富、开采难度小,迅速成为当前锂盐生产和研究的热点。概述了全球盐湖卤水锂资源的分布、水质特性和提锂方法的应用情况;从反应机理、影响因素、应用效果等方面论述了沉淀法、萃取法、吸附法、膜分离法和电化学法在盐湖卤水提锂方面的研究进展。指出,在现有技术中膜分离法和电化学法具有分离效果好和能耗低等优点,应用前景广阔;而沉淀法和萃取法均存在药剂用量大、环境污染严重等问题;吸附法存在吸附过程缓慢、吸附剂易溶损等不足,导致其在生产中存在较大局限性。最后展望了盐湖锂资源开发的发展趋势,为后续优化提锂工艺提出了建议。

关键词: 盐湖卤水, 锂离子筛, 膜分离, 电化学提锂

Abstract:

With the rapid expansion of industries such as the electric vehicle industry,the demand for lithium raw materials has increased dramatically.Ore lithium resources are on the verge of exhaustion,while salt lake brine has rich lithium resources with low mining difficulty,which has quickly become a hot spot in lithium salt production and research.The distribution,water quality characteristics,and application of lithium extraction methods in salt lake brine resources in the world were summarized.The research progress of lithium extraction from salt lake brine by precipitation , extraction , adsorption , membrane separation , and electrochemistry was discussed from the aspects of reaction mechanism , influencing factors , and application effect . Among the existing technologies ,the membrane separation method and electrochemical method had the advantages of good separation effect and low energy consumption,thus showing broad application prospects.However,both the precipitation method and the extraction method had the problems of large dosages of chemicals and serious environmental pollution,while the adsorption method had shortcomings such as a slow adsorption process and easy dissolution of adsorbent ,thus resulting in great limitations in industry application.Finally,the development trend of lithium resources in salt lakes was prospected and suggestions for the subsequent optimization of the lithium extraction process were put forward.

Key words: salt lake brine, lithium-ion sieves, membrane separation, electrochemical lithium extraction

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