铬渣资源化利用研究进展

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2022-0172

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to solve the problem that the harmless treatment of chromium slag was not complete and the chromium in chromium slag was not recycled，the status quo of chromium slag treatment at home and abroad was described，the source and composition of chromium slag were introduced，and the application of calcined slags with calcium in iron and steel industry，metal recovery from calcined slags without calcium and resource utilization of liquid-phase oxidized slags were emphatically combed and analyzed.Through summarizing and comparing，the suggestions of treating calcium slag by sintering iron-making process，recovering metal from calcium-free slag by alkali leaching and using liquid phase oxidized slag as iron making material were put forward.It was pointed out that the chromite industry should strengthen the source innovation，realize industrial symbiosis and finally achieve the goal of clean production while developing in the future.

Key words: chromium slag, resource processing, comprehensive utilization, chromium salt

CLC Number:

X705

JIANG Ziwen,QUAN Xuejun,LI Gang,LU Cunfang,GUO Yijun,CHEN Hao,ZHOU Yankuo,CHENG Zhiliang. Research progress of resource utilization of chromium slag[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2023, 55(2): 26-35.

Figures/Tables 5

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工艺	铬渣特点	产品	工艺现状	生产1 t重铬酸钠产生的铬渣/t
有钙焙烧法	产渣量大，Cr（Ⅵ）处理难度大，治理成本高；易产生致癌物质（铬酸钙等）；铬利用率低	重铬酸钠	2013年已被全面淘汰，但历史遗留渣量较大，需要减量和资源化处理	2.5~3
无钙焙烧法	渣中不含疑似致癌物质；排渣量大幅度减少	重铬酸钠	技术成熟，渣存量较少	<0.8
液相氧化法	排渣量少，铬渣便于综合利用，铬利用率高；产品较为单一，成本相对较高	重铬酸钠	技术相对成熟，目前还存在一些需要攻克的技术难点，推广和工业化还不现实	<0.5

样品	w（Cr₂O₃）	w（Fe₂O₃）	w（Al₂O₃）	w（MgO）	w（CaO）	w（SiO₂）	w（其他）
有钙焙烧渣	2.6~3.7	6.9~8	2.8~4	17~24	47~52	6.8~9	10~16.9
无钙焙烧渣	11.3~13.4	39.5~41.9	26.1~31.6	10.1~14.8	0.2~3.7	2.6~4.6	5.7~10.1
液相氧化浸出渣	0.10	42.31	1.61	6.24	0.01	1.86	47.87

产品	纤维平均直径/μm	渣球（大于 0.5 mm）质量分数/%	制品使用最高温度/℃	常温导热系数/ [kJ·（h·m·℃）^-1]	容重/ （kg·m^-3）	树脂质量分数/%	耐水性/ （μg·L^-1）
配方Ⅰ m（铬渣）∶m（辅料）=60∶40	6.4	5.3	400	0.159	80~120	3.0	0.218
配方Ⅱ m（铬渣）∶m（辅料）=55∶45	8.4	8.8	400	0.159	80~120	3.0	0.246
配方Ⅲ m（铬渣）∶m（辅料）=50∶50	5.7	16.8	400	0.159	80~120	3.0	0.208
岩棉	8.2	11.0	400	0.151	80~120	3.0	—
矿渣棉	8.2	8.2	400	0.151	80~120	3.0	—

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