高能存储密度n-二十烷/SAT/膨胀石墨复合相变材料性能研究

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2024-0649

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

太阳能作为清洁能源，在应对能源与环境问题方面极具潜力，但因自身不稳定，其利用效率受限。开发高性能相变（PCM）复合材料对太阳能热存储技术意义重大，能有效解决太阳能供需时空不匹配的难题。旨在制备兼具稳定形态、低过冷度和优秀光热转换性能的多孔PCM，以解决太阳能供需时空不匹配问题。研究采用熔融混合工艺，制备以多孔膨胀石墨（EG）为载体材料、n-二十烷为稳定剂、三水合醋酸钠（SAT）为相变储能介质的复合PCMs。研究结果表明，含3.3%（质量分数）膨胀石墨的复合PCM样品性能优异，其相变焓达266.54 J/g，光热转换效率高达91.14%，在90 ℃时基本无泄漏，过冷度降至2.50 ℃。此外，EG虽会对相变焓产生负面影响，但由于SAT的高焓值，复合PCMs的焓值仍保持在225.71~268.30 J/g。综上所述，通过EG和n-二十烷改性SAT能有效降低过冷度，提升光热转换效率，为太阳能的高效存储与利用提供可行方案。

关键词: 相变材料, 太阳能储热, 膨胀石墨, 三水合醋酸钠, 光热转换效率

Abstract:

As a clean energy，solar energy has great potential in dealing with energy and environmental problems，but its utilization efficiency is limited due to its instability.The development of high⁃performance phase change material（PCM） composites is of great significance to solar thermal storage technology，which can effectively solve the problem of space⁃time mismatch between solar energy supply and demand.The purpose of this study is to prepare porous PCM with stable morphology，low undercooling and excellent photothermal conversion performance to solve the problem of space⁃time mismatch between solar energy supply and demand.The composite PCMs with porous expanded graphite as carrier material，n-eicosane as stabilizer and sodium acetate trihydrate（SAT） as phase change energy storage medium was prepared by melt mixing process.The results showed that the composite PCMs sample containing 3.3% expanded graphite had excellent performance.Its phase change enthalpy was 266.54 J/g，and the photothermal conversion efficiency was as high as 91.14%.There was almost no leakage at 90 ℃，and the supercooling degree was reduced to 2.50 ℃.It was also found that although EG had a negative effect on the phase change enthalpy，the composite PCMs remained between 225.71 J/g and 268.30 J/g due to the high enthalpy of SAT.In summary，the modification of SAT with EG and n-eicosane could effectively reduce supercooling，improve photothermal conversion efficiency，and provide a feasible solution for efficient storage and utilization of solar energy.

Key words: phase change material, solar thermal storage, expanded graphite, sodium acetate trihydrate, photothermal conversion efficiency

中图分类号:

TB33

李亚静. 高能存储密度n-二十烷/SAT/膨胀石墨复合相变材料性能研究[J]. 无机盐工业, 2026, 58(1): 60-66.

LI Yajing. Study on properties of n-eicosane/SAT/expanded graphite composites with high energy storage density[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2026, 58(1): 60-66.

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试样		m（n-二十烷）/g	m（SAT）/ g	m（EG）/ g
n-二十烷/SAT复合材料（HPC）		3.000	12.000	0.000
PCMs	对照组1（S1）	2.950	11.800	0.250
	对照组2（S2）	2.925	11.700	0.375
	对照组3（S3）	2.900	11.600	0.500
	对照组4（S4）	2.875	11.500	0.625
	对照组5（S5）	2.850	11.400	0.750

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