无机金属盐混凝剂的研究与应用进展

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2025-0203

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

混凝法因其操作简单、适用范围广及处理效率高而被广泛应用于污水处理领域。混凝剂的物理化学特性在水处理效果中起着至关重要的作用。在众多混凝剂中，无机金属盐混凝剂由于具有絮体沉降速度快、投加量少、成本低等优点而备受青睐。将无机金属盐混凝剂分为传统无机金属盐混凝剂、新型无机金属盐混凝剂及复合无机金属盐混凝剂，重点介绍其在污水处理中的混凝性能、指出其优势并分析污染物去除相关机理，旨在为无机金属盐混凝剂的应用提供理论支撑。未来的无机金属盐混凝剂应当向着绿色高效的方向进一步发展，推动更多金属元素的引入，并更加深入地探索对于新型污染物的去除效果。同时可利用人工智能进一步优化无机金属盐混凝剂制备工艺，并考察与其他水处理技术连用的效能。

关键词: 混凝剂, 混凝, 污水处理, 无机金属盐

Abstract:

Coagulation is widely used in the field of wastewater treatment because of its simple operation，wide range of application and high treatment efficiency.The physicochemical properties of coagulants play a crucial role in determining the effect of water treatment.Among many coagulants，inorganic metal salt coagulants are favored due to their advantages of fast floc settling speed，low dosage and low cost.In this paper，the inorganic metal salt coagulant was divided into traditional inorganic metal salt coagulant，new inorganic metal salt coagulant and composite inorganic metal salt coagulant，their coagulation performance in wastewater treatment was mainly introduced，their advantages were pointing out and the mechanism related to the removal of pollutants was analyzed，aiming to provide theoretical support for the application of inorganic metal salt coagulant.Inorganic metal salt coagulants in the future should be further developed in the direction of green and high efficiency，promoted the integration of more metal elements，and explored the removal effect of emerging pollutants in more depth.At the same time，artificial intelligence could be used to further optimize the preparation process of inorganic metal salt coagulants，and to investigate the effectiveness of the combination with other water treatment technologies.

Key words: coagulants, coagulation, sewage treatment, inorganic metal salt

中图分类号:

X703

殷朱君, 孙文全, 周俊, 郑怀礼, 潘文秀, 孙永军. 无机金属盐混凝剂的研究与应用进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2026, 58(1): 1-8.

YIN Zhujun, SUN Wenquan, ZHOU Jun, ZHENG Huaili, PAN Wenxiu, SUN Yongjun. Research and application progress of inorganic metal salt coagulants[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2026, 58(1): 1-8.

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处理对象	原水水质	混凝剂	投加量/ （mg·L^-1）	去除率/%
聚乙烯（PE）微塑料^［4］	PE：100 mg/L	PFS	550	98.0
纺织废水^［5］	COD：159 mg/L	PFS	500	41.4
造纸废水^［6］	COD：1 150 mg/L 色度：160	PFS	2	85 93
印染废水^［7］	Sb（Ⅲ）：（85±15） mg/L Sb（Ⅴ）：（100±15） mg/L	PFS	60	95 90
制药废水^［8］	DOC：739～892 mg/L	PFC	400	40
抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）^［9］	Intl1基因： 7.9×10¹⁴ copies/mL Sul基因： 6.33×10¹⁰ copies/mL	PFC	12	99 99

处理对象	原水水质	投加量/ （mg·L^-1）	去除率/ %
制浆废水^［12］	TOC：（1 974±63） mg/L 色度：23 460±569	600	73 98
微塑料废水^［13］	聚苯乙烯（PS）微塑料：500 mg/L 聚乙烯（PE）微塑料：500 mg/L	90	77.83 29.70
微塑料废水^［14］	PE微塑料：100 mg/L	300	79.2
砷酸盐废水^［15］	As（V）：250 mg/L	10	96.31
含氟模拟水^［16］	F^-：8 mg/L	40	91.4
腐殖酸- 高岭土^［17］	NOM：1 mg/L 浊度：25 NTU	15	81.6 98.8

处理对象	原水水质/ （mg·L^-1）	混凝剂	投加量/（mg·L^-1）	去除率/ %
富藻地表水^［21］	DOC：10.55±0.50	PTC	40	61.56
银纳米-腐殖酸^［22］	AgNP：5 DOC：4.97±0.80	TiCl₄	24	96.1 66.1
含油废水^［23］	润滑油：2 000	TXC	60	92.53
亚砷酸盐水^［24］	As（Ⅲ）：1	Ti（SO₄）₂	10	83
含锑（Ⅴ）废水^［25］	Sb（V）：0.5	TXC	15	75
市政废水^［26］	TP：4.21±1.81	PTC	30	99.1

处理对象	原水水质/（mg·L^-1）	混凝剂	投加量	去除率/%
生活污水^［28］	PO₄^3-（以P计）：5~25	PZC	1.5 mmol/L	97.6
垃圾渗滤液^［29］	DOC：467.2	ZrCl₄	5 mmol/L	73.3
高岭土-腐殖酸^［30］	DOC：6.58	ZrOCl₂	6~7 mg/L	91.72
含氟废水^［31］	F^-：10	ZrCl₄	70 mg/L	91.97
含氟地下水^［32］	F^-：4.0±0.1	ZXC	0.3 mmol/L	81.0
含氟废水^［33］	F^-：2	ZXC	0.25 mmol/L	68

处理对象	原水水质	混凝剂	投加量	去除率/%
含氟废水^［35］	F^-：10 mg/L	聚硅酸铝铁（PSAF）	0.66 mmol/L	86
腐殖酸-高岭土模拟水^［36］	浊度：（15.0±0.3） NTU	PAFC	10 mg/L	84.93
生活污水^［37］	浊度：105 NTU NH₃-N：100 NTU	PSAF	150 mg/L	91.9 88.5
焦化废水^［38］	COD：（140±10） mg/L	PAFS	300 mg/L	44.3
含油废水^［39］	含油量：91.8 mg/L	PSAF	200 mg/L	88.6
含Cr（Ⅵ）废水^［40］	Cr（Ⅵ）： 15 mg/L	聚合磷酸氯化铝铁（PPAFC）	1 500 mg/L	92.96

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