二次铝灰与工业废渣共处理研究进展

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2024-0463

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着工业生产的迅猛发展，工业废渣产量急剧增加，其中二次铝灰成分复杂且具有潜在的环境危害，其管理与处置成为亟待解决的问题。传统二次铝灰处理技术受限于技术瓶颈和高昂成本，难以满足当前环保与资源循环利用的需求。近年来国外大量研究聚焦于二次铝灰与工业废渣的共处理技术，通过优化配比、调控反应条件及协同设计等策略，实现了废渣间的协同效应，提高资源回收率，减少废物排放。综述了二次铝灰与工业废渣共处理的可行途径，包括回收有价金属、建材化利用及制造玻璃陶瓷方面的应用实例。展望了共处理技术在提升工业废渣资源化利用水平及推动高价值转化方面的未来发展，指出应进一步巩固和发展此技术，同时高效减废提升资源回收率与处理产物附加值。建议研发新型固化剂，推动共处理技术工业化应用，助力经济循环与工业绿色转型。

关键词: 二次铝灰, 工业废渣, 共处理, 循环利用

Abstract:

With the rapid development of industrial production，the output of industrial waste slag has been increased sharply.Due to its complex composition and potential environmental harm，the management and disposal of secondary aluminum dross have become urgent problems to be solved.The traditional secondary aluminum dross treatment technology is limited by technical bottleneck and high cost，and it is difficult to meet the current demand of environmental protection and resource recycling.In recent years，a large number of foreign studies have focused on the co-treatment technology of secondary aluminum dross and industrial waste residues.Through optimizing the ratio，regulating the reaction conditions and collaborative design strategies，the synergistic effect between waste residues has been realized，the resource recovery rate has been increased，and the waste discharge has been reduced.The feasible ways of co-treatment of secondary aluminum dross and industrial waste slag were summarized，including the recovery of valuable metals，the utilization of building materials and the application of glass ceramics.At the same time，the future development of co-treatment technology in improving the level of resource utilization of industrial waste and promoting high value conversion was prospected，and it was pointed out that this technology should be further consolidated and developed，and at the same time，efficient waste reduction could improve the resource recovery rate and the added value of treatment products.It was also suggested to develop new curing agents，promote the industrial application of co-treatment technology，and help economic circulation and industrial green transformation.

Key words: secondary aluminum dross, industrial waste residues, co-treatment, recycling

中图分类号:

X705

赵娜, 郭小惠, 伍永福, 王日昕. 二次铝灰与工业废渣共处理研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2025, 57(8): 21-27.

ZHAO Na, GUO Xiaohui, WU Yongfu, WANG Rixin. Research progress on co-treatment of secondary aluminum dross and industrial waste residues[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2025, 57(8): 21-27.

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处理方法		优点	缺点
湿法处理	酸浸	选择性好、反应速度快	腐蚀设备、产生废水、成本较高
湿法处理	碱浸	适用性广	沉淀物处理、产生废水、成本较高
火法处理	盐浴处理工艺	反应充分、均匀加热	设备复杂、能耗高、污染环境
火法处理	无盐处理工艺	流程简单	技术难度大、能耗高、回收物纯度较低
与工业废渣协同处理		资源利用较低、废物排放少	技术要求高、存在兼容性问题

固体废物	回收方法	主要回收金属	优点	缺点
锰渣^［18-19］	铝热还原	锰、铝、硅	资源利用率高；实现废弃物无害化处理	能耗较高；回收过程产生有害气体和废渣
铜渣^［20-22］	铝热还原	铜、铁	金属回收率高；炉渣中有害元素去除率高；环境风险低	成本高；回收率受工艺参数影响，需精确控制
镍渣^［25-27］	铝热还原	镍、铁	金属回收率高；具有良好的金属相互作用	回收工艺复杂；处理成本高

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