纳米级增强体复合硅气凝胶的研究进展

doi:10.11962/1006-4990.2019-0269

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

二氧化硅气凝胶的脆性大、力学强度过低,严重限制了其应用领域。常规微米级或大于微米尺寸的增强体复合硅气凝胶可以提升硅气凝胶性能,但难以在纳米尺寸范围内对凝胶孔隙增强。目前,可以采用合成聚合物纳米纤维、纤维素纳米纤维、纳米管、无机纳米纤维、石墨烯及氧化石墨烯等增强硅气凝胶,纳米级增强材料能够均匀分散在硅气凝胶纳米孔隙中,干燥收缩小、孔比表面积大、可有效提升硅气凝胶抗压强度、改进韧性。

关键词: 硅气凝胶, 增强体, 纳米尺寸, 纳米孔隙, 增强增韧

Abstract:

The application of silica aerogel is restricted due to its high brittleness and low mechanical strength.Conventional reinforced silica aerogel composites with micron size or larger can improve the properties of silica aerogel,but it is difficult to enhance the pore size in the nanometer size range.At present,synthetic polymer nanofibers,cellulose nanofibers,nanotubes,inorganic nanofibers,graphene and graphene oxide etc.could be used to enhance the properties of silica aerogel.The nano-sized reinforced material can be evenly dispersed in the nano-sized pores of silica aerogels.It has the advantages of low dry shrink and large specific surface area,which can effectively improve compressive strength and toughness of silica aerogel.

Key words: silica aerogel, reinforced material, nanometer size, nano-sized pores, enhancing and toughening

中图分类号:

O648.1

赵洪凯,邵凯,刘威. 纳米级增强体复合硅气凝胶的研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2020, 52(4): 7-11.

Zhao Hongkai,Shao Kai,Liu Wei. Research progress of nano-sized reinforced silica aerogel composites[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2020, 52(4): 7-11.

图/表 1

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样品	力学性能/ MPa	比表面积/ （m²·g^-1）	热导率/ [W·（m·K）^-1]
超临界法制备硅气凝胶	拉伸强度0.016	900.00	0.013
28%聚合物静电纺丝增强硅气凝胶	拉伸强度1.03	—	0.027
3.6%纳米纤维素增强硅气凝胶	拉伸强度0.070	735.00	0.015
1%纳米管增强硅气凝胶	抗压强度1.26	871.91	0.023
42%SiO₂纳米纤维网增强硅气凝胶	断裂强度6.50	624.19	0.021
26%金属纳米线增强硅气凝胶	压缩强度9.68	827.22	—
5%纳米片层增强硅气凝胶	抗压强度0.09	421.90	0.038

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