无机盐工业面临碳达峰碳中和的挑战与创新发展机遇

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2022-0055

Abstract

Abstract:

Traditional inorganic chemicals are processed separately with independent mineral resources.The production resources and energy fail to follow the production principle of circular economy recycling,recycling and graded utilization,and the efficiency of energy consumption in the whole life cycle is no high.In order to achieve carbon peaking,carbon neutralization and meet the needs of new industries,it is necessary to develop new technologies and processes of inorganic salt chemical resources coupling low-carbon.On the basis of the advanced process technology mode of coupling titanium dioxide and wet process phosphate with titanium,phosphorus and sulfur resources,taking the energy storage material lithium iron phosphate as an example,it was proposed to couple ilmenite,apatite and limonite and produce energy storage materials of iron phosphate and lithium iron phosphate products according to the green process technology route of “element economy”.The challenges of energy conservation and carbon reduction faced by phosphorus chemical industry,titanium chemical industry and lithium chemical industry in the upstream of lithium iron phosphate three elements,as well as the opportunities and market development prospects of coupling new technology innovation were discussed.

Key words: carbon peak, carbon neutralization, lithium iron phosphate, phosphate chemical industry

CLC Number:

TQ115

GONG Jiazhu,ZHOU Guimin,WU Ninglan,WANG Weilin,QIAO Guangqin. Challenges and innovative development opportunities of carbon peak and carbon neutralization faced by inorganic salt industry[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2022, 54(4): 46-54.

Figures/Tables 14

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Table 1

Table 2

Advantages and disadvantages of DH,HH and HDH production methods[1]"

湿法磷酸生产方法	优点	缺点
DH	1）工艺技术成熟,操作稳定可靠,单系列规模大,国内外装置数量多;2）对各种磷矿及成分变化适应性强,操作灵活易调整,P₂O₅收率较高,可达96.5%;3）装置运行率高,达到85%以上;4）对防腐、材质要求不高,只需普通不锈钢;5）可采用磷矿浆,湿磨磷矿能耗低、投资省、环境好,易于输送、计量和加入;6）国内建成装置多,在设计、设备制造、安装、生产操作等方面积累了丰富经验,工艺技术和大部分设备实现了国产化,可降低总投资。	1）过滤酸浓度低,需进行浓缩才能满足高浓度磷肥、磷复肥生产的需要,消耗蒸汽,增加成本;2）对磷矿细度要求比较高,增加磨矿能耗;3）产品酸中杂质含量高。
HH	1）工艺流程短,投资相对较低;2）可直接得到w（P₂O₅）=42%~45%的磷酸,无需浓缩即可用于高浓度磷肥、磷复肥生产,不消耗蒸汽,成本低; 3）可以使用较粗的磷矿,磨矿能耗低;4）产品酸质量好,杂质含量低;5）省去了稀磷酸贮存、输送的投资和运行费用。	1）P₂O₅收率低,仅为90.0%~92.0%;2）过滤系统等易结垢,需要频繁清理,运行率低;3）反应温度高,防腐蚀、磨蚀材质要求高;4）对磷矿质量要求高,且不能用磷矿浆;5）磷石膏中 P₂O₅含量高,不利于综合利用;6）生产w（P₂O₅）=50%~52%湿法磷酸时仍需要浓缩。
HDH	1）可直接得到w（P₂O₅）=42%~45%的磷酸,无需浓缩即可用于高浓度磷肥、磷复肥生产,不消耗蒸汽,成本低;2）P₂O₅收率较高,可达98.5%;3）可以使用较粗的磷矿,磨矿能耗低;4）产品酸质量好,杂质含量低;5）总能耗低,生产成本最低;6）磷石膏质量好,利于综合利用。	1）生产操作控制较难,运行率较低;2）反应温度高,防腐蚀、磨蚀材质要求高;3）对杂质敏感,对磷矿质量要求高,且不能用磷矿浆;4）流程长,对材质要求高,投资比DH方法高;5）生产w（P₂O₅）=50%~52%湿法磷酸时仍需要浓缩。

Table 2

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方法和工艺技术	业绩			工艺技术特点										磷石膏 w（P₂O₅）/ %
方法和工艺技术	已建规模装置/ 套	装置总产能（以 P₂O₅计）/ （万t·a^-1）	单系列最大规模（以P₂O₅ 计）/（t·d^-1）	磷矿加料种类	工艺技术对磷矿适应性	过滤磷酸 w（P₂O₅）/ %	P₂O₅ 回收率/%	磷石膏分离次数	反应槽温度/℃	再结晶槽温度/ ℃	每年可达到作业天数/d	能耗（以 P₂O₅计）/ （MJ·t^-1）	可变成本比率/ %	磷石膏 w（P₂O₅）/ %
DH- PrayonⅣ	148	1 900.0	1 800	磷矿浆	强	20~30	96.5	1	70~85	—	317	8 332	100.0	≤0.9
HH-OXY	5	51.6	1 270	干矿粉	弱	42~45	90.0~92.0	1	90~100	—	290	5 468	92.5	1.0~2.0
HDH- Nissan-C	8	80.4	1 100	干矿粉	弱	42~45	98.0~98.5	2	90~100	50~60	300	5 594	91.0	0.2~0.3

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Challenges and innovative development opportunities of carbon peak and carbon neutralization faced by inorganic salt industry

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