盐湖提锂萃取剂及萃取体系研究进展

doi:10.11962/1006-4990.2020-0372

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国盐湖中蕴藏着丰富的锂资源,溶剂萃取法提锂是目前研究较多且较深入的方法之一。大量研究表明,萃取剂分子的结构是决定萃取效率的关键因素。对近年来盐湖卤水提锂萃取剂及萃取体系的研究进展做了综述,着重综述了醇+酮、有机磷、季胺盐-偶氮离子螯合-缔合、冠醚和离子液体等不同类型萃取剂及萃取体系的研究现状,分析了各类萃取剂在提锂过程中的机理、特点及存在的问题,并在此基础上对溶剂萃取法盐湖提锂萃取剂的发展方向做了展望。

关键词: 盐湖提锂, 溶剂萃取法, 萃取剂, 萃取机理

Abstract:

There are abundant lithium resources in China’s salt lakes.Solvent extraction is one of the most widely studied and in-depth methods at present.A large number of studies have shown that the molecular structure of extractants is the key factor to determine the extraction efficiency.The research progress of extractants and extraction systems for lithium ex-traction from salt lake brine in recent years was summarized,focusing on the research status of different types of extractants and extraction systems,such as alcohol+ketone,organophosphorus,quaternary ammonium salt-azo ion chelation-association,crownether and ionic liquid.The mechanism,characteristics and existing problems of various extractants in the process of extracting lithium were analyzed,and on this basis,the development direction of the solvent extraction method for extracting lithium from salt lake was prospected.Through this review,it can be concluded that all the five extractants have specific functional groups or structures which are complex with Li⁺,so lithium can be extracted from salt lake brine.The organic phosphorus extraction system has high selectivity for lithium,relatively stable chemical properties and low price,so it is the most promising extractant for industrialization.The design and synthesis of new efficient organic phosphorus extractants and the construction of efficient green extraction system have broad prospects.

Key words: salt lake lithium extraction, solvent extraction, extractants, extraction mechanism

中图分类号:

TQ131.11

卫丽娜,康锦,李虎,李恩泽,成怀刚,程芳琴. 盐湖提锂萃取剂及萃取体系研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2021, 53(5): 21-25.

Wei Lina,Kang Jin,Li Hu,Li Enze,Cheng Huaigang,Cheng Fangqin. Research progress of lithium extractants and extraction systems from salt lakes[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2021, 53(5): 21-25.

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提锂萃取剂	典型代表
醇+酮类	丙醇、丁醇、苯甲酰三氟丙酮（HBTA）、甲基异丁基酮（MIBK）、环己酮
有机磷类	磷酸三丁酯（TBP）、三辛基氧化膦（TOPO）、二（2-乙基己基）磷酸（D2EHPA）
季胺盐-偶氮离子螯合-缔合类	N,N-二（1-甲基庚基）乙酰胺（N503）、N,N-二（2-乙基己基）乙酰胺（N523）、N,N-二（2-乙基己基）-3-丁酮乙酰胺（NB2EHOTA）
冠醚类	二苯并-14-冠-4（DB14C4）、苯并-15-冠-5（B15C5）
离子液体类	咪唑类六氟磷酸盐（[C_nmim][PF₆]）、咪唑类双（三氟甲基磺酰）酰亚胺[C_nmim][NTf₂]、四丁基铵双（2-乙基己基）-磷酸盐[N₄₄₄₄][DEHP]、双（2-乙基己基）-磷酸四辛基铵[N₈₈₈₈][DEHP]

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