电解铝废渣酸浸液结晶分离高纯氯化铝的工艺研究

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2024-0411

Abstract

Abstract:

Aiming at the high content of sodium and aluminum elements in the hydrochloric acid leach solution of electrolytic aluminum waste slag and the difficulty of separation，the evaporation and crystallization law of the acid leaching solution under different operating conditions was explored based on the phase diagram of the AlCl₃-NaCl-H₂O（-HCl） system.By comparing and analyzing the two technical routes of antisolvent crystallization and isothermal evaporation crystallization，the isothermal evaporation crystallization was determined as the main route，aiming at the efficient separation of NaCl and AlCl₃·6H₂O.The results of phase diagram analysis showed that the acidity had a significant inhibitory effect on the solubility of the two salts，while the temperature had little effect on the solubility of the two salts.During the antisolvent crystallization process，the purity of the obtained AlCl₃·6H₂O product was close to 96.65%，whether the acidity was adjusted at the co⁃saturation point or the material point.In the isothermal evaporation crystallization process，the purity of the products obtained was similar to that of the antisolvent crystallization process，which provided a theoretical basis for the application of the isothermal evaporation crystallization method.Through a comprehensive evaluation of the operability，isothermal evaporation crystallization was adopted as the preferred solution in this study.The products of NaCl（99.54% in purity） and AlCl₃·6H₂O（96.22% in purity） were obtained directly from the complex acid leach solution by isothermal evaporation crystallization，and the yield of the them reached 94.35% and 92.51%，respectively.The whole process of sodium⁃aluminum separation from acid leach solution was optimized，which could be applied to the process design and process enhancement for the resource utilization of electrolytic aluminum waste.

Key words: aluminum electrolysis slag, hydrochloric acid leachate, crystallization separation, aluminum chloride hexahydrate, phase diagram

CLC Number:

X703

SUN Liping, CHENG Huaigang, GUO Wenxuan, CUI Li. Study on crystallization and separation process of high⁃purity AlCl₃·6H₂O from acid leach solution of electrolytic aluminum scrap[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2025, 57(5): 100-107.

Figures/Tables 10

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方案	阶段	过程情况	液相点	固相点	体系点	蒸发率/%	AlCl₃·6H₂O纯度/%
一	Ⅰ	固液分离	E₁	—	M-M₁	65	—
一	Ⅱ	加酸结晶	E₂	S₁	E₁	—	96.65
二	Ⅰ	加酸结晶蒸发至共饱和点	M₂-E₂	A	M-M₂	44	—
	Ⅱ	固液分离	E₂	A	—	44	—
	Ⅲ	溶液蒸干	E₂（消失）	S₁	E₂-S₁	—	96.65

阶段	过程情况	液相点	固相点	体系点	蒸发率/%	AlCl₃·6H₂O纯度/%
Ⅰ	蒸发浓缩阶段	M-N₁	—	M-N₁	33	—
Ⅱ	蒸发结晶至共饱点	M₁-E₁	A	N₁-M₁	65	—
Ⅲ	固液分离	E₁	A	—	65	—
Ⅳ	溶液蒸干	E₁（消失）	S₂	E₁-S₂	—	96.65

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Study on crystallization and separation process of high⁃purity AlCl₃·6H₂O from acid leach solution of electrolytic aluminum scrap

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