无机盐工业 ›› 2026, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (2): 10-19.doi: 10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2025-0065
项子豪1,2(
), 孙昌平3, 陈思凡1,2, 黄嘉柔1,2, 张一凡1,2, 邵长伟1,2, 李杨1,2(
), 张华1,2
收稿日期:2025-02-12
出版日期:2026-02-10
发布日期:2026-03-12
通讯作者:
李杨(1986— ),男,教授,研究方向为冶金固废的功能化利用;E-mail:liyang2468@wust.edu.cn。作者简介:项子豪(2004— ),男,本科,研究方向为冶金工程;E-mail:xzh727@wust.edu.cn。
基金资助:
XIANG Zihao1,2(
), SUN Changping3, CHEN Sifan1,2, HUANG Jiarou1,2, ZHANG Yifan1,2, SHAO Changwei1,2, LI Yang1,2(
), ZHANG Hua1,2
Received:2025-02-12
Published:2026-02-10
Online:2026-03-12
摘要:
磷石膏是湿法磷酸制备工艺中产生的固废,其安全处置与高附加值利用已成为磷化工产业可持续发展的重要研究方向。目前,磷石膏的利用途径以制备建材为主,农用和化工为辅,存在经济效益低、消纳能力不足等瓶颈。基于磷石膏的化学活性特点,其可用于制备胶凝、保温及吸附等功能材料,具有产品附加值高、消纳量大等优势。在综述磷石膏传统消纳途径现状的基础上,重点梳理磷石膏基功能材料的制备方法及应用现状。其中,磷石膏基胶凝材料可替代部分水泥,通过物理包裹和化学反应固定有毒元素,用于填充矿井采空区;磷石膏基保温材料具有轻质、隔热、隔音、阻燃等诸多优异性能,因而具有广阔市场;磷石膏通过吸附、沉淀和离子交换能在一定程度上去除重金属离子,可作为低成本的吸附剂应用在重金属污染废水治理领域。相较于传统磷石膏综合利用途径,磷石膏基功能材料具有更为广阔的应用前景和发展潜力。
中图分类号:
项子豪, 孙昌平, 陈思凡, 黄嘉柔, 张一凡, 邵长伟, 李杨, 张华. 磷石膏综合利用研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2026, 58(2): 10-19.
XIANG Zihao, SUN Changping, CHEN Sifan, HUANG Jiarou, ZHANG Yifan, SHAO Changwei, LI Yang, ZHANG Hua. Research progress on comprehensive utilization of phosphogypsum[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2026, 58(2): 10-19.
表2
中国磷石膏综合利用途径[21]
| 年份 | 水泥缓凝剂 | 外供联营 | 石膏板 | 筑路或充填 | 制硫酸 | 建筑石膏粉 | 石膏砌块 | 生态修复 | 其他 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 | 29.80 | 26.80 | 15.50 | 13.10 | 4.60 | 3.50 | 3.40 | 3.30 | |
| 2019 | 34.60 | 24.20 | 11.60 | 14.30 | 2.40 | 5.70 | 2.50 | 4.70 | |
| 2020 | 29.06 | 24.65 | 7.06 | 9.82 | 2.44 | 11.56 | 1.65 | 12.53 | 1.23 |
| 2021 | 27.43 | 24.89 | 7.01 | 10.10 | 3.26 | 10.45 | 1.68 | 13.98 | 1.20 |
| 2022 | 37.37 | 15.73 | 11.13 | 2.44 | 11.94 | 1.98 | 15.20 | 4.21 | |
| 2023 | 33.70 | 13.11 | 14.70 | 1.00 | 12.40 | 4.59 | 14.40 | 3.80 |
表4
磷石膏基吸附材料的改性方法
| 改性方法 | 主要机理 | 优点 | 缺点 |
|---|---|---|---|
煅烧改性 (物理)[ | 利用高温煅烧使磷石膏结合水和部分杂质挥发,以形成微孔,增加比表面积 | 工艺简单,设备通用 | 能耗高、经济效益低 |
微波改性 (物理)[ | 微波诱导使磷石膏龟裂,形成孔隙,增加比表面积 | 处理时间短,效率高 | 吸附性能提升较低,适用于低浓度重金属离子废水处理 |
碱化改性 (化学)[ | 碱性物质可促使磷石膏表面碱化,沉淀重金属离子 | 吸附性能提升大,可同步去除可溶磷氟杂质 | 产生废水,增加处理成本 |
表面改性 (化学)[ | 向磷石膏内表面负载活性剂,引入大量活性吸附点位,以其提高吸附能力 | 吸附性能提升较大,可通过解吸实现循环使用 | 改性剂成本高,存在溶出风险 |
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