亚铁氰化铜钾复合水凝胶的制备及铷吸附研究

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2025-0100

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

盐湖卤水中的铷元素具有重要的战略价值，但因其较难分离与回收，因此并未实现有效利用。研究以亚铁氰化铜钾（KCuFC）作为有效吸附剂组分，通过与氧化石墨烯/聚乙烯醇/果胶（GPP）交联，制备出一种新型的用于吸附铷（Rb⁺）的复合水凝胶（GPP-KCuFC）。氧化石墨烯的引入提高材料的亲水性，同时聚乙烯醇和果胶构成的互穿网络水凝胶相比单网络水凝胶的稳定性更好；KCuFC包埋在水凝胶中解决吸附剂回收难且易积聚的问题。采用FE-SEM、XRD、FT-IR和XPS等表征手段对制备的复合水凝胶进行形貌和结构分析，结果表明复合水凝胶具有丰富的活性吸附位点和热稳定性。采用静态吸附实验研究pH、吸附时间、初始浓度、吸附剂用量和竞争离子对Rb⁺吸附效果的影响。结果表明：GPP-KCuFC在pH=7时吸附量最高；在铷质量浓度为10 mg/L、温度为25 ℃、pH=7条件下，吸附3 h后即可达到平衡，吸附量为93.79 mg/g；动力学过程符合准二级动力学，说明化学吸附为关键速率控制步骤；等温吸附行为则符合Langmuir模型，表明吸附过程为单层吸附。通过浓度均为0.5 mol/L的HCl和NH₄Cl溶液进行脱附，Rb⁺脱附率可达95.4%。此外，GPP-KCuFC应用于真实体系的卤水中时，仍可表现出良好的吸脱附效果。

关键词: 亚铁氰化铜钾, 水凝胶, 吸附, 铷, 盐湖卤水

Abstract:

Rubidium，an element with important strategic value，exists in the brine of salt lakes and has not been effectively solved due to the difficulties in its separation and recovery.A novel composite hydrogel（GPP-KCuFC） for rubidium（Rb⁺） adsorption was prepared by cross-linking potassium copper ferrocyanide（KCuFC） as an effective adsorbent component with graphene oxide，polyvinyl alcohol，and pectin（GPP）.The introduction of graphene oxide enhanced the hydrophilicity of the material.The interpenetrating network hydrogel composed of polyvinyl alcohol and pectin exhibited better stability compared to the single network hydrogel.Encapsulating KCuFC within the hydrogel addressed the issues of difficult adsorbent recovery and its tendency to aggregate.Characterization techniques such as FE-SEM，XRD，FT-IR，XPS，and TGA were employed to analyze the morphology and structure of the prepared composite hydrogel，indicating that the composite hydrogel possessed abundant active adsorption sites.The effects of pH，adsorption time，initial concentration，adsorbent dosage，and competing ions on the adsorption of Rb⁺ were investigated by static adsorption experiments.The results showed that GPP-KCuFC had the highest adsorption capacity at pH=7.The rubidium mass concentration of 10 mg/L at 25 ℃ could be equilibrated after 3 h of adsorption，and the corresponding adsorption capacity was 93.79 mg/g.The the kinetic process was consistent with pseudo-secondary kinetics，indicating that chemical adsorption was the key rate-controlling step.And the isothermal adsorption behaviors were consistent with the Langmuir model，suggesting that the adsorption process was monolayer adsorption.Through desorption with 0.5 mol/L HCl/NH₄Cl，the removal rate of Rb⁺ could reach 95.4%.In addition，GPP-KCuFC could still show favorable adsorption and desorption effects when it was applied to brine in the real system.

Key words: potassium copper ferrocyanide, hydrogel, adsorption, rubidium, salt lake brine

中图分类号:

TQ138.11

林培华, 姜怀韬, 付益博. 亚铁氰化铜钾复合水凝胶的制备及铷吸附研究[J]. 无机盐工业, 2026, 58(3): 32-40.

LIN Peihua, JIANG Huaitao, FU Yibo. Study on preparation of potassium copper ferrocyanide composite hydrogels and rubidium adsorption[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2026, 58(3): 32-40.

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吸附剂用量/mg	ρ（Li⁺）/（mg·L^-1）	ρ（Na⁺）/（mg·L^-1）	ρ（Mg²⁺）/（mg·L^-1）	ρ（K⁺）/ （mg·L^-1）	ρ（Rb⁺）/（mg·L^-1）	ρ（Cs⁺）/（mg·L^-1）
0	7.29	1 139.65	10 241.57	2 655.88	9.87	0.14
5	7.21	1 137.12	10 148.24	2 667.90	8.27	0.02
10	7.16	1 106.41	10 022.20	2 674.43	7.20	—
20	7.15	1 081.55	9 777.37	2 711.11	5.49	—
30	7.08	1 076.87	9 933.63	2 737.79	4.18	—
40	7.00	1 072.18	9 719.92	2 791.01	3.31	—
50	6.99	1 066.28	9 819.51	2 807.13	2.53	—

吸附剂用量/mg	ρ（Li⁺）/（mg·L^-1）	ρ（Na⁺）/（mg·L^-1）	ρ（Mg²⁺）/（mg·L^-1）	ρ（K⁺）/（mg·L^-1）	ρ（Rb⁺）/（mg·L^-1）	ρ（Cs⁺）/（mg·L^-1）
5	0.22	—	30.97	4.30	1.51	—
10	0.22	—	62.69	13.82	2.51	—
20	0.25	—	128.28	30.80	4.11	—
30	0.25	—	157.67	35.65	5.32	—
40	0.28	0.12	229.12	53.75	6.00	—
50	0.35	1.15	295.56	69.25	6.52	—

干扰离子	α	干扰离子	α
Li⁺	67.60	Cs⁺
Na⁺	41.79	Mg²⁺	67.51
K⁺	-53.93

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