青海盐湖纳滤膜性能劣化原因分析

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2024-0402

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究盐湖提锂纳滤膜分离性能的劣化原因，对退役的青海一里坪盐湖提锂用纳滤膜进行了剖析，采用SEM、FT-IR、ICP、XRD、XPS等表征方法分析了膜表面的污染形貌及其化学组成。结果表明，一、二段退役膜表面均以有机污染和微生物污染为主，有机污染占比分别为77%和69%；从一段到二段，有机污染程度减弱，无机污染程度增强；有机污染成分以脂类、蛋白质、核酸和多糖为主，其来源为微生物分泌的胞外聚合物及微生物代谢产物；无机污染成分主要包含Mg、Ca、Al、Fe、Si、K、Na等，主要由盐湖沉积物中的伊利石、绿泥石、石英石、钠长石等黏土矿物在膜面沉积而成；此外，退役纳滤膜服役期间曾遭受氯氧化。上述污染物在膜面的累积及氯化是导致纳滤膜分离性能劣化并退役的主要原因。该研究对膜法盐湖提锂的工艺优化及污染控制具有参考价值。

关键词: 盐湖提锂, 锂镁分离, 纳滤膜, 膜污染, 膜劣化

Abstract:

To investigate the reasons for degradation of separation performance of lithium extraction nanofiltration membranes in salt lakes，two-stage nanofiltration membranes retired from lithium extraction in Qinghai Yiliping Salt Lake were autopsied and analyzed by SEM，FT-IR，ICP，XRD，XPS to understand the morphologies and compositions of the membrane fouling layer.The results showed that both membranes of stage one and stage two were primarily suffered from organic and microbial pollution，with a mass fraction of 77% and 69% respectively.The organic pollution from stage one to stage two was gradually weakened，while the inorganic pollution was aggravated.The organic foulants were mainly lipids，proteins，nucleic acids，and polysaccharides，which originated from extracellular polymers（EPS） secreted by microorganisms and microbial metabolites.Mg，Ca，Al，Fe，Si，K，Na were the predominant inorganic elements，which were clay minerals deposition from salt lake sediments such as illite，chlorite，quartz，and albite.In addition，the retired membrane were subjected to chlorination during service.The accumulation of the above pollutants and chlorination were principal factors causing performance deterioration of the retired nanofiltration membranes.This research provided a basis for the efficient operation optimization and effective control of membrane fouling in future application.

Key words: lithium extraction from salt lake, separation of magnesium and lithium, nanofitration membrane, membrane fouling, membrane degradation

中图分类号:

TS396.5

张生鹏, 黄旻旻, 唐发满, 刘卫平. 青海盐湖纳滤膜性能劣化原因分析[J]. 无机盐工业, 2025, 57(10): 90-97.

ZHANG Shengpeng, HUANG Minmin, TANG Faman, LIU Weiping. Degradation analysis of nanofiltration membrane performance for Qinghai Salt Lake[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2025, 57(10): 90-97.

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pH		浊度/NTU		悬浮物/（mg·L^-1）		全盐量/（mg·L^-1）		电导率/（μS·cm^-1）		总碱度/（mg·L^-1）		COD_cr/（mg·L^-1）
8.2		<0.3		18		5.9×10⁴		6.5×10⁴		893		3×10³
物质质量浓度/（mg·L^-1）
钾	钠	钙	镁		锂	硼	铁	铝	二氧化硅	氯离子	硫酸根		余氯
44	278	37	6.9×10³		305	270	0.5	3.5×10^-2	0.2	1.9×10⁴	1.3×10³		0.07

膜位置	原子数分数/%
膜位置	C 1s	N 1s	O 1s	Cl 2p
一段	69.9	8.8	20	0.54
二段	64.7	11.2	23	0.45

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