垃圾焚烧飞灰水洗液纯化及无机盐分离

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

使用沉淀剂对垃圾焚烧飞灰水洗液中的重金属进行去除实验,并对去除重金属后水洗液中的无机盐进行分离回收。考察了无机、有机沉淀剂单独使用以及无机-有机沉淀剂联用对水洗液中重金属的去除效果,对纯化后的水洗液进行蒸发结晶分离,对不同沸点温度分离得到的无机盐的纯度进行分析。结果表明,无机沉淀剂碳酸钠与硫化钠相比硫化钠去除重金属的效果较好,在硫化钠与重金属物质的量比为1.5时重金属的总去除率可达89.02%;有机沉淀剂TMT-102、MT-103、RS-2568中去除重金属效果最好的是MT-103,在其添加量为400 mg/L时重金属的总去除率可达99.49%。将无机-有机沉淀剂联用,先以硫化钠与重金属物质的量比为1.5加入硫化钠,再加入40 mg/L的MT-103,飞灰水洗液中重金属的总去除率可高达99.60%。将纯化后的水洗液中的无机氯盐进行蒸发分离,蒸发沸点为114 ℃时一次蒸发结束,分离后的盐浆在不低于80 ℃条件下洗涤提纯,得到氯化钠的纯度在95%以上;将母液继续蒸发至沸点温度为126 ℃,然后降温结晶,粗钾按照液固质量比为1.5进行水洗,得到氯化钾的纯度在96%以上;最后的氯化钙母液蒸发至134 ℃,然后降温结晶,可得六水合氯化钙。

关键词: 垃圾焚烧飞灰水洗液, 重金属去除, 蒸发分离, 无机盐

Abstract:

The heavy metals were removed by using different precipitating agents from waste incineration fly ash water wash-ing solution.Separation and recovery of inorganic salts in water washing solution after heavy metal removal were also carried out.The effects of types,additions of the inorganic and organic precipitants,and the combination of inorganic and organic pre-cipitant on the removal rate of the heavy metals were investigated.After purification,the washing liquid was evaporated and crystallized,and the purities of the inorganic salts separated at different boiling temperatures were analyzed.The experimental results showed that the removal efficiency of sodium sulfide was better than sodium carbonate,the total removal rate was 89.02% when the amount of substance ratio of sodium sulfide to heavy metal was 1.5.In organic precipitants TMT-102,MT-103 and RS-2568,MT-103 had the best removal efficiency,the total removal rate of heavy metal was 99.49% when the optimum addition was 400 mg/L.When combining the inorganic and organic precipitants,added sodium sulfide according to amount of substance ratio of sodium sulfide to heavy metal of 1.5,and then added MT-103 at the optimum dosage of 40 mg/L. The total removal rate of heavy metals could reach 99.60%.The inorganic chlorine salt in the purified fly ash water washing liquid was evaporated and separated.The first evaporation separation ended at boiling point temperature of 114 ℃.The salt slurry was purified at the temperature of not less than 80 ℃,and the purity of NaCl was over 95%.The mother liquor was evaporated to the boiling point at 126 ℃ and then cooled down.After the solid-liquid separation,the crude potassium was washed at the liquid solid ratio of 1.5,and the purity of KCl was above 96%.The mother liquor of CaCl₂ continued to evaporate,and when the temperature rose to 134 ℃,and the CaCl₂·6H₂O can be obtained by cooling crystallization.

Key words: waste incineration fly ash water washing solution, removal of heavy metals, evaporation separation, inorganic salt

中图分类号:

X799.3

范庆玲,郭小甫,袁俊生. 垃圾焚烧飞灰水洗液纯化及无机盐分离[J]. 无机盐工业, 2019, 51(3): 67-71.

Fan Qingling,Guo Xiaofu,Yuan Junsheng. Purification and inorganic salts separation of waste incineration fly ash water washing solution[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2019, 51(3): 67-71.

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