加氢裂化反应动力学模型研究及应用进展

doi:10.11962/1006-4990.2020-0132

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

加氢裂化技术在石化行业中的地位已举足轻重。为深入了解加氢裂化反应规律、优化工业装置运行工艺条件和产品分布,实现炼化企业智能化和效益最大化的目标,科研人员对加氢裂化反应动力学模型做了广泛的研究。对加氢裂化反应动力学模型相关研究及应用进展做了综述,介绍了加氢裂化反应动力学模型研究历程,研究目标从初期简易宏观的关联模型发展为按馏程或其他生产方案需求划分的传统、连续集总模型,再进一步发展为复杂微观的分子集总模型;概述了不同加氢裂化反应动力学模型的应用情况,突出说明了传统集总模型的工业实用性和分子集总模型原料、产品适用性;指出有效地将关联、集总模型（尤其是分子集总）结合利用,开发一种全面的混合动力学模型,将是未来加氢裂化以及其他石油加工过程反应动力学模型研究中极具意义和挑战的工作。

关键词: 加氢裂化, 动力学模型, 关联模型, 集总模型, 分子集总

Abstract:

Hydrocracking technology has played an important role in petrochemical industry.In order to deeply investigate the laws of hydrocracking reaction,optimize the process operating conditions and products distribution of industrial installation,and achieve the goal of petrochemical enterprises intellectualization and interest maximization,the research of hydrocracking reaction kinetics model has received wide attention.In this paper,the related research and application progress of hydrocrack-ing reaction kinetics models were reviewed,and the research history of hydrocracking reaction kinetics model was introduced.The objectives of hydrocracking reaction kinetics model research had developed from simple macroscopic correlation models in early phase to traditional and continuous lumping models which lumps were divided by fraction or other product programs,then the objectives had developed to be complex microscopic molecular lumping models.Application conditions of different hydrocracking reaction kinetic models were summarized; industrial practicability of traditional lumped model and raw mate-rials & products applicability of molecular lumping models were highlighted.It was pointed out that it is great significance and challenge to develop a comprehensive hybrid kinetic model combining with correlation models and lumping models （especi-ally molecular lumping） effectively in the research of hydrocracking and other petroleum processing reaction kinetic models in the future.

Key words: hydrocracking, kinetic model, correlation model, lumping model, molecular lumping

中图分类号:

TE624

闫乃锋,胡智中. 加氢裂化反应动力学模型研究及应用进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2021, 53(2): 28-33.

Yan Naifeng,Hu Zhizhong. Research and application progress of hydrocracking reaction kinetics model[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2021, 53(2): 28-33.

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参考文献 33

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集总模型类型	集总种类	模型优缺点
四集总	尾油、中间馏分油、汽油、气体	考虑工艺条件影响,但需估计运行参数,准确性有限
五集总	>400 ℃馏分、350~400 ℃馏分、132~350 ℃馏分、C₅~132 ℃馏分、C₁~C₄气体	考虑反应器规格影响,但假设反应均为一级反应,准确性较差
六集总	VGO原料、重煤油、轻煤油、重石脑油、轻石脑油及气体	类似关联模型,针对单一装置准确性、预测性均较优,但外推性差
七集总	硫化物、重芳烃、轻芳烃、重环烷烃、轻环烷烃、重链烷烃、轻链烷烃	模型准确度高,但反应历程复杂,工程实际模型建立困难

模型类型	优点	缺点	应用场景
关联模型	模型参数少,建模简易	预测准确性有限, 不具备外推性	中小试实验
传统集总模型	贴合实际工业,生产工业应用前景好	催化剂、反应器等影响参数考虑较少, 外推性有限	中小试实验, 工业应用
连续集总模型	原料、产品适用性好	建模参数过多,建模和应用难度很大	目前仅适用于小试实验
分子集总模型	模型准确性高,适用性和外推性均较好	分子量巨大,工业级建模难度很大	目前适用于中小试实验

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