新型无机磷基阻燃剂的研究进展

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2022-0047

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以黑磷基阻燃剂为代表的纳米级新型无机磷基阻燃剂，在极低的添加量下即可实现高分子材料的阻燃性能和机械性能的同步提高，表现出良好的应用前景。综述了新型无机磷基阻燃剂的研究进展，重点介绍了黑磷基阻燃剂的功能化策略、制备工艺、阻燃机理和应用进展，最后对发展趋势进行了展望。总结并评述了黑磷制备所用的超声剥离、球磨剥离、电化学插层剥离等纳米化工艺和利用阻燃有机/无机物质对黑磷进行共价或非共价的修饰策略，对比分析了溶液共混、熔融共混、原位聚合、涂层等复合制备工艺的利弊，归纳了黑磷基阻燃剂的结构与性能之间的基本规律，提出了今后在科学创新和工程突破两方面的研究重点。

关键词: 无机磷基阻燃剂, 黑磷, 修饰策略, 阻燃机制

Abstract:

Black phosphorus-based flame retardants，the representative of new nano inorganic phosphorus-based flame retardants，can achieve simultaneous improvement of the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of polymers at a low addition amount，showing good application prospects.The research progress on new inorganic phosphorus-based flame retardants was reviewed.The functional strategy，preparation process，flame retardant mechanism and application progress of black phosphorus-based flame retardants were mainly introduced.Finally，the development trend was prospected.The preparation of black phosphorus by nanoscale processes such as ultrasonic exfoliation，ball-milling exfoliation，electrochemical intercalation exfoliation，and targeted covalent or non-covalent modification strategies using flame-retardant organic/inorganic substances were reviewed.The advantages and disadvantages of composite preparation processes including solution blending，melt blending，in-situ polymerization and coating were analyzed.The rules between the structure and properties of black phosphorus-based flame retardants were summarized.Future research priorities in both scientific innovation and engineering breakthroughs were proposed.

Key words: inorganic phosphorus-based flame retardant, black phosphorus, modification strategy, flame-retardant mechanism

中图分类号:

TQ115

刘畅,段尊斌,汪建南,马会娟,王佳宏,喻学锋. 新型无机磷基阻燃剂的研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2022, 54(11): 8-17.

LIU Chang,DUAN Zunbin,WANG Jiannan,MA Huijuan,WANG Jiahong,YU Xuefeng. Research progress on new inorganic phosphorus-based flame retardants[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2022, 54(11): 8-17.

图/表 3

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阻燃剂	纳米化工艺	修饰策略	添加量/%	基材	复合工艺	φ_pHHR/%	φ_THR/%	LOI/%	UL94
BP^[9]	超声剥离	—	0.2	WPU	溶液共混	51.5	—	24.2	—
BP/G^[49]	超声剥离	无机非共价	3.6	WPU	溶液共混	13.6	10.9	—	—
BP-PZN^[50]	超声剥离	有机共价	2.0	EP	溶液共混	29.7	31.8	—	—
BP-Exf^[44]	电化学剥离	有机共价	3.0	PUA	溶液共混	14.8	11.5	—	—
BP-CNTs^[68]	球磨剥离	无机共价	2.0	EP	溶液共混	27.9	20.6	—	—
BP/MF^[52]	超声剥离	有机非共价	1.2	EP	溶液共混	36.1	—	31.1	V-0
BP/TA^[59]	超声剥离	有机非共价	2.0	TPU	溶液共混	28.3	21.5	—	—
BP-CTAB^[41]	超声剥离	有机共价	2.0	PLA	溶液共混	19.4	4.1	23.0	—
BP/RuL₃^[64]	超声剥离	有机非共价	3.0	EP	溶液共混	20.7	11.7	31.3	V-0
BP/PDA^[65]	超声剥离	有机非共价	5.0	PVA	溶液共混	11.4	9.6	—	—
BP/PEI^[62]	电化学剥离	有机非共价	2.0	WPU	溶液共混	17.2	10.6	23.5	V-2
BP/CNTs^[51]	球磨剥离	无机非共价	20.0	NFC	溶液共混	1.9	2.2	29.9	V-0
BP-MoS₂^[55]	球磨剥离	无机共价	20.0	GOF	涂层	2.7	—	—	—
BP/PDA^[70]	超声剥离	有机非共价	1.2	PU	溶液共混	26.8	17.8	—	—
BP/CN^[56]	超声剥离	无机非共价	2.0	EP	溶液共混	23.9	24.8	31.0	V-1
BP-HAN^[63]	超声剥离	有机共价	2.0	EP	溶液共混	28.0	24.1	31.5	V-0
BP-HPL^[60]	球磨剥离	有机共价	2.0	TPU	溶液共混	25.0	24.5	—	—
BP/G-MF^[73]	超声剥离	有机无机非共价	3.0	EP	溶液共混	14.6	9.2	—	—
BP-G^[42]	球磨剥离	无机共价	5.0	EP	原位聚合	—	—	27.5	V-0
BP-ZHS^[58]	球磨剥离	无机共价	2.0	PP	熔融共混	16.3	8.9	22.7	—
BP/BN^[57]	超声剥离	无机非共价	0.4	WPU	溶液共混	—	59.8	33.8	—

[1]	卢晓敏,李雪梅,刘岚君,沈晓芳,梅毅,廉培超. 黑磷的液相法制备研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2022, 54(3): 31-37.
[2]	蒋运才,李雪梅,吴兆贤,曹昌蝶,梅毅,廉培超. 黑磷的制备及储能应用研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2021, 53(6): 59-71.
[3]	侯冉冉,曹昌蝶,刘岚君,李光能,梅毅,廉培超. 电化学剥离黑磷制备纳米黑磷研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2021, 53(6): 95-100.
[4]	杨环环,喻彬璐,王佳宏,喻学锋. 二维黑磷的制备、表面功能化与光电催化[J]. 无机盐工业, 2021, 53(5): 13-20.

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