基于热化学循环的核能制氢技术经济分析与研究

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2021-0575

Abstract

Abstract:

Thermochemical cycle is considered as a promising hydrogen production scheme to realize large?scale hydrogen production in a clean and sustainable way.It is of great significance to analyze its process and economy，and give the advantages and disadvantages of different cycles from the aspects of technology maturity and investment cost.The difference between different thermochemical cycles from the aspects of reactor adaptability，technical maturity and production scale was analyzed，and the advantages，disadvantages and challenges of these methods were discussed.In addition，different thermochemical cycles were compared and analyzed according to thermal efficiency，cost of hydrogen production and lobal warming potential（GWP）.The research results showed that the sulfur?iodine thermochemical cycle（SI） had certain advantages in thermal efficiency，cost and GWP，but the reactor that could be coupled with it was limited due to the relatively high operating temperature.The GWP of hybrid sulfur cycle（HyS） was the lowest，but it was faced the problem of H₂SO₄ decomposition under high temperature conditions.Due to the low operating temperature，Cu-Cl cycle showed great potential in reactor coupling，low quality heat utilization，hydrogen production cost and environmental impact.

Key words: nuclear hydrogen production, HyS, thermochemical cycle, technical economy

CLC Number:

TK91

LI Zhiyong,YU Qian,HU Jiang,RONG Mei,SHANG Xin,ZHANG Yifan. Economic analysis and research on nuclear hydrogen production technology based on thermochemical cycle[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2022, 54(9): 21-27.

Figures/Tables 7

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堆型	常用燃料	出口温度/℃	功率	适合制氢工艺
压水堆	UO₂、MOX	280~325	2 000~4 800 MWth，600~1 700 MWe	水电解
重水堆	UO₂	310~319	2 000~3 200 MWth，700~1 100 MWe	水电解
超临界水堆	UO₂、Th/U、MOX	430~625	600~2 540 MWth，700~1 150 MWe	水电解、热化学循环
钠冷快堆	U、Pu、MOX	500~800	45~3 000 MWth，20~1 100 MWe	水电解、热化学循环、甲烷蒸汽重整
熔盐堆	UO₂、Th/U	750~1 000	900~2 400 MWth，400~1 200 MWe	水电解、蒸汽电解、热化学循环、甲烷蒸汽重整
气冷快堆	MOX	850	600~2 400 MWth，280~1 100 MWe	水电解、蒸汽电解、热化学循环、甲烷蒸汽重整
高温气冷堆	UO₂、PuO₂、MOX	750~950	100~600 MWth，45~300 MWe	水电解、蒸汽电解、热化学循环、甲烷蒸汽重整

热化学循环	GWP/ （kg?kg^-1）	热效率/ %	优点	缺点
SI	0.50	50	热效率高，制氢过程中不存在其他有害副产品	需要的温度较高，存在材料腐蚀问题
HyS	0.48	52	热效率高，原材料廉价	高温存在H₂SO₄的分解及材料的腐蚀
Cu-Cl	0.55	43	工作温度低，能有效利用低品位的废热从而提高能源利用率	腐蚀性工作环境，需要固体处理
Mg-Cl	1.03	44	工作温度低，有望实现与核能或太阳能的耦合	氧化镁氯化会快速生成MgCl₂水合物，需优化水解反应

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Economic analysis and research on nuclear hydrogen production technology based on thermochemical cycle

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