理性设计特殊表面润湿性对提高吸附材料的油/水分离效率具有重要意义。以商品三聚氰胺海绵为基底材料，以正硅酸乙酯为硅源，通过酸/碱催化下的溶胶-凝胶法负载了二氧化硅（SiO₂），之后将油酸在铁（Ⅲ）离子的催化作用下与SiO₂表面硅羟基发生酯化反应，以SiO₂为媒介实现了油酸在海绵表面的固定，得到了有机-无机杂化海绵材料。结构和形貌表征表明，杂化海绵制备策略有效且大孔骨架稳定并具备介孔特征。接触角测量结果表明，油酸的接枝改性赋予了海绵特殊的润湿性，使其表现出超疏水和超亲油特性，在空气中的水接触角达到154°，油接触角近乎为0°。该杂化海绵对常见轻油和重油均具有吸附能力，其中对三氯甲烷的吸附容量可达25.86 g/g，对二甲基硅油具备良好循环吸附性能，50次循环后吸附容量仍保持在70%以上，对正己烷/水混合物的连续分离效率可达8×10⁵ L/（m³·h）。SiO₂介导可以方便地改变三聚氰胺海绵的润湿性能，是制备高效油/水分离杂化材料的有效途径，具有潜在应用价值。

Rational design of special surface wettability is important to improve the oil/water separation efficiency of adsorbed materials.With commercial melamine sponge as the base material and ethyl orthosilicate as the silicon source，silica（SiO₂） was supported by sol-gel method under the catalysis of acid/base.Then oleic acid was esterified with silica hydroxyl on the surface of SiO₂ under the catalysis of iron（Ⅲ） ion，and oleic acid was fixed on the surface of the sponge with SiO₂ as the medium.The organic-inorganic hybrid sponge materials were obtained.The structure and morphology of the hybrid sponge showed the effectiveness of the preparation strategy，macroporous skeleton stability and mesoporous characteristics.The contact angle measurement results showed that the grafted oleic acid invested the sponge special wettability，making it showed super hydrophobic and super lipophilic characteristics，and the water contact angle in the air could reach 154°，and the oil contact angle could reach nearly 0°.The hybrid sponge had adsorption capacity for common light oil and heavy oil，among which the adsorption capacity of trichloromethane could reach 25.86 g/g，and the cyclic adsorption performance of dimethylsilicone oil was good，and the adsorption capacity remained above 70% after 50 cycles，and the continuous separation efficiency of n-hexane/water mixture could reach 8×10⁵ L/（m³·h）.SiO₂-mediated could easily change the wettability of melamine sponge，which was an effective way to prepare high-efficiency oil/water separation hybrid materials，and had potential application value.