准格尔地区的煤中含有锂元素，煤经过电厂燃烧发电后锂元素在烟道灰中二次富集，其中锂含量为290~500 g/t，极具提取价值。以循环流化床粉煤灰为研究对象，利用盐酸高压浸出锂元素，探索盐酸浸出过程中粉煤灰中锂离子的反应机制。实验结果表明，反应温度为160 ℃、时间为1 h、酸灰物质的量比为0.9、搅拌速率为240 r/min时，锂溶出效果最好，溶出率为87.31%。XRD分析结果证实：粉煤灰主要物相为无定型硅铝酸盐、γ-Al₂O₃、莫来石及少量的方石英；盐酸浸出过程中无定型硅铝酸盐和γ-Al₂O₃物相会发生溶解，而剩余盐酸浸出渣主要成分为无定型二氧化硅和莫来石。FT-IR和²⁷Al NMR谱图分析结果证实：在盐酸浸出过程中粉煤灰中无定型硅铝酸盐化学键Al—O—Si发生断裂，主要归因于化学键中四配位Al（Ⅳ）与六配位Al（Ⅵ）溶解，造成三维网络结构发生破坏，进而释放了网络结构中的锂离子；与此同时，粉煤灰中γ-Al₂O₃物相中锂元素也在盐酸浸出过程中发生溶解进入溶液。

The coal contains lithium element in zhungeer area，which is enriched in fly ash after being burned in power plants. The lithium content accounts for 290~500 g/t，which has great extraction value.In this paper，the lithium element was leached using hydrochloric acid solution from circulating fluidized bed fly ash，and the reaction mechanism of lithium ions in hydrochloric acid solution was explored in detail.The experimental results showed that the best lithium extraction rate was achieved about 87.31%，when the reaction temperature was 160 ℃，the reaction time was 1 h，the acid ash molar ratio was 0.9，and the stirring speed was 240 r/min.The XRD analysis results testified that the main phases of fly ash were amorphous aluminosilicate，γ-Al₂O₃，mullite，and a small amount of quartz.During the hydrochloric acid leaching process，amorphous aluminosilicate and γ-Al₂O₃ phases were dissolved，while the hydrochloric acid leaching residue was mainly composed of amorphous silica and mullite. The analysis results of FT-IR and ²⁷Al NMR spectra confirmed that the chemical bond Al—O—Si of amorphous aluminosilicate in fly ash was broken，which was attributed to the dissolution of four coordinated Al（Ⅳ）and six coordinated Al（Ⅵ）in the chemical bond，causing damage to the three-dimensional network structure and releasing lithium ions in the network structure. Meanwhile，the lithium element in the γ-Al₂O₃ phase of fly ash was also dissolved into the solution during the hydrochloric acid leaching process.