氧化镁纤维及其复合纤维制备与吸附领域研究进展
收稿日期: 2024-06-11
网络出版日期: 2024-07-18
Research progress of preparation and adsorption of magnesium oxide fibers and their composite fibers
Received date: 2024-06-11
Online published: 2024-07-18
随着人口增长和工业化的快速发展，大量有毒有害物质未经处理直接排放，对水环境造成了严重污染。吸附法因其操作简便、效率高而被广泛应用于水处理领域，因此开发高效且廉价的吸附剂成为当前研究的重点。氧化镁纤维不仅具有氧化镁耐高温、无毒和环境友好的特性，还兼具纤维材料的高比表面积和良好的自支撑性能，是一种极具潜力的吸附材料。通过将氧化镁与其他材料复合得到的氧化镁基复合纤维，能够进一步丰富纤维的活性位点，改善氧化镁纤维力学性能。系统介绍了氧化镁纤维及其复合纤维的常见制备方法，即离心纺丝法、静电纺丝方法、模板法等；综述了近年来国内外氧化镁纤维及氧化镁基复合纤维的发展现状，重点介绍其在吸附领域的研究进展和应用方向；最后指出发展氧化镁纤维及其复合纤维需要解决的问题和面临的挑战，并对此进行展望。
孙梦媛 , 何伟 , 王晨 . 氧化镁纤维及其复合纤维制备与吸附领域研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2025 , 57(5) : 1 -10 . DOI: 10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2024-0325
With the rapid development of population growth and industrialization，a large number of toxic and harmful substances are directly discharged without treatment，causing serious pollution to the water environment.Adsorption method is widely used in the field of water treatment because of its easy operation and high efficiency，so the development of efficient and inexpensive adsorbents has become the focus of current research.Magnesium oxide fiber not only inherits the characteristics of magnesium oxide，which is high temperature resistant，non⁃toxic and environmentally friendly，but also has the high specific surface area and good self⁃supporting properties of fiber materials，which is a highly potential adsorbent material.By compounding magnesium oxide with other materials，magnesium oxide⁃based composite fibers are obtained，which can further enrich the active sites of the fibers and improve the mechanical properties of magnesium oxide fibers.The common preparation methods of magnesium oxide fibers and their composite fibers，i.e.，centrifugal spinning method，electrostatic spinning method，template method，etc.，were systematically introduced.The current status of the development of magnesium oxide fibers and magnesium oxide⁃based composite fibers both at home and abroad in recent years was summarized，with a focus on the research progress and application direction of the adsorption field.Finally，the problems that need to be solved and the challenges that need to be faced for the development of magnesium oxide fibers and their composite fibers were pointed out，based on which was prospected.
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