提升高镍正极材料快充条件下电化学性能研究进展
收稿日期: 2024-06-27
网络出版日期: 2024-08-05
基金资助
郑州铁路职业技术学院科研项目(2024KY023)
Research on improving electrochemical performance of Ni-rich cathode materials under fast-charging operation
Received date: 2024-06-27
Online published: 2024-08-05
电动汽车凭借污染小、能耗低的特性，在现代交通运输中正成为一个重要趋势。但与传统燃油汽车相比，电动汽车由于充电时间较长，降低了其使用的便利性。以高镍三元材料为正极的锂离子电池具有较高的能量密度和倍率性能，满足了电动汽车的长续航里程和快速充电的要求。随着电动汽车的快速发展，深入了解高镍正极材料在快速充电条件下的衰退机制显得尤为重要。在导致高镍正极材料性能衰退的各种因素中，不可逆相变、微裂缝形成和颗粒形态3个因素对容量影响最为显著。为了提升高镍电池性能，采用优化颗粒结构、元素掺杂和表面包覆的方法改善高镍材料被证明是行之有效的方法。总结了高镍正极材料在快充条件下的衰退机制，并阐述了提升材料性能的有效策略，同时对满足快充的高镍材料未来发展方向进行展望。
党建猛 , 张志超 , 曹中凯 , 李紫萱 , 申继学 . 提升高镍正极材料快充条件下电化学性能研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2025 , 57(7) : 14 -23 . DOI: 10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2024-0360
Electric vehicles（EVs） are emerging as a significant trend in modern transportation，primarily due to their low pollution levels and reduced energy consumption.This shift towards electrification is driven by the need to mitigate environmental impacts and enhance energy efficiency.However，one of the major challenges facing EVs is the prolonged charging time，which significantly diminishes their convenience compared to traditional internal combustion engine vehicles.To address this，lithium-ion batteries（LIBs） utilizing high-nickel ternary materials as cathodes have gained attention for their high energy density and superior rate performance.These characteristics enable EVs to achieve longer driving ranges and accommodate fast-charging capabilities，which are critical for widespread adoption.As the rapid development of EVs continues，a thorough understanding of the degradation mechanisms of high-nickel cathode materials under fast-charging conditions is crucial.Among the factors that lead to performance degradation，irreversible phase transitions，microcrack formation，and particle morphology changes are particularly detrimental to capacity retention.To mitigate these issues and improve the performance of high-nickel cathode batteries，several strategies have been employed，including optimizing particle structure，elemental doping，and surface coating.These approaches have shown promise in enhancing the durability and efficiency of high-nickel materials.The current knowledge on degradation mechanisms and effective modification strategies for high-nickel cathode materials were reviewed，and the future research directions were prospected to further improve their performance under fast-charging conditions.
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