退役动力电池锂回收及电池级碳酸锂制备研究进展
收稿日期: 2024-02-26
网络出版日期: 2024-03-29
基金资助
吕梁市校地合作科技成果转化项目(2022XDHZ15)
Research progress of lithium recovery for spent lithium-ion batteries and preparation in battery-grade lithium carbonate
Received date: 2024-02-26
Online published: 2024-03-29
随着新能源汽车规模的持续增长，产生数量极大的富含锂等有价金属的退役动力电池，其回收和资源化利用可以降低固体废物对环境的影响和资源浪费，对能源和环境领域发展具有重要意义。退役动力电池成分复杂，锂资源回收包括拆解、破碎、分选、除杂、元素合成等复杂工艺，回收效率较低。为了退役动力电池的高效回收及实现有价金属锂的高值利用，分别对传统的物理处理、化学处理及新兴的电极材料直接修复技术的研究进展进行了总结。综述了锂元素提取与电池级碳酸锂的制备方法，如重结晶法、苛化法、电化学法和碳化法，并对退役动力电池中锂回收及电池级碳酸锂的制备提出展望。
赵润泽 , 钱阿妞 . 退役动力电池锂回收及电池级碳酸锂制备研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2024 , 56(12) : 70 -78 . DOI: 10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2024-0100
With rapidly growing on renewable energy vehicles，there presents a large amount of spent lithium-ion batteries including valuable lithium metals.Lithium recycles and utilizations from the spent batteries can reduce negative environment effect of solid-waste resources，and thus holding a significant contribution in the development for energy and environment applications.Currently，spent lithium-ion batteries comprise with various complex components.Meanwhile，resource recovery in lithium includes complex processes（dismantling，crushing，sorting，impurity removal，and element synthesis） with low efficiency.Thus，in order to realize efficient lithium recovery and their high-value utilizations，the research on recovery progress were summarized，involving traditional physical treatment，chemical treatment，and direct repair technology for emerging new electrodes.Furthermore，the key technology related to lithium extraction and the preparation in battery-grade lithium carbonate were reviewed，such as recrystallization，causticization，electrochemistry，and carbonation process.In addition，the prospects and challenges for further development of lithium recovery and battery-grade lithium carbonate were proposed.
| [1] | FAN Ersha， LI Li， WANG Zhenpo，et al.Sustainable recycling technology for Li-ion batteries and beyond：Challenges and future prospects［J］.Chemical Reviews，2020，120（14）：7020-7063. |
| [2] | ZHANG Xiaoxiao， LI Li， FAN Ersha，et al.Toward sustainable and systematic recycling of spent rechargeable batteries［J］.Chemical Society Reviews，2018，47（19）：7239-7302. |
| [3] | GUO Xueyi， ZHANG Jingxi， TIAN Qinghua.Modeling the potential impact of future lithium recycling on lithium demand in China：A dynamic SFA approach［J］.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews，2021，137：110461. |
| [4] | 华经产业研究院.2023-2028年中国新能源汽车行业市场发展监测及投资前景展望报告，2023-2028［R］.华经产业研究院，2023.https：//www.huaon.com/channel/jingpin/842338.html. |
| Huajing Industry Research Institute.China new energy vehicle industry market development monitoring and investment outlook report，2023-2028 ［R］.HIRI，2023.https：//www.huaon.com/channel/jingpin/842338.html. | |
| [5] | CHEN Yaodong， DOU Aichun， ZHANG Ye.A review of recycling status of decommissioned lithium batteries［J］.Frontiers in Materials，2021，8：634667. |
| [6] | 吴小龙，王晨麟，陈曦，等.废旧锂离子电池市场规模及回收利用技术［J］.环境科学与技术，2020，43（S2）：179-183. |
| WU Xiaolong， WANG Chenlin， CHEN Xi，et al.Market scale and recycling technology of waste lithium-ion batteries［J］.Environmental Science & Technology，2020，43（S2）：179-183. | |
| [7] | CHEN Haopeng， ZHANG Tianshi， GAO Qing，et al.Assessment and management of health status in full life cycle of echelon utilization for retired power lithium batteries［J］.Journal of Cleaner Production，2022，379：134583. |
| [8] | 刘佩文，董鹏，孟奇，等.废旧磷酸铁锂电池正极材料固相法再生研究进展［J］.无机盐工业，2020，52（9）：6-8，14. |
| LIU Peiwen， DONG Peng， MENG Qi，et al.Research development of solid phase regeneration of cathode material of spent lithium iron phosphate batteries［J］.Inorganic Chemicals Industry，2020，52（9）：6-8，14. | |
| [9] | 乜贞，伍倩，丁涛，等.中国盐湖卤水提锂产业化技术研究进展［J］.无机盐工业，2022，54（10）：1-12. |
| NIE Zhen， WU Qian， DING Tao，et al.Research progress on industrialization technology of lithium extraction from salt lake brine in China［J］.Inorganic Chemicals Industry，2022，54（10）：1-12. | |
| [10] | ZHU Qingshan， LI Jun， LI Hongzhong.Development of typical lithium minerals roasting for high lithium extraction［J］.Scientia Sinica Chimica，2017，47（11）：1273-1283. |
| [11] | COSTA C M， BARBOSA J C， GON?ALVES R，et al.Recycling and environmental issues of lithium-ion batteries：Advances，challenges and opportunities［J］.Energy Storage Materials，2021，37：433-465. |
| [12] | XIAO Jiefeng， LI Jia， XU Zhenming.Challenges to future development of spent lithium ion batteries recovery from environmental and technological perspectives［J］.Environmental Science & Technology，2020，54（1）：9-25. |
| [13] | WANG Kun， ZHANG Guoquan， LUO Mingzhi，et al.Separation of metals from acetic acid leaching solution of spent lithium-ion batteries by ionic liquid system［J］.Chemical Engineering Journal，2023，472：145006. |
| [14] | WEI Neng， HE Yaqun， ZHANG Guangwen，et al.Recycling of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries by self-supplied reductant roasting［J］.Journal of Environmental Management，2023，329：117107. |
| [15] | BARIK S P， PRABAHARAN G， KUMAR L.Leaching and separation of Co and Mn from electrode materials of spent lithium-ion batteries using hydrochloric acid：Laboratory and pilot scale study［J］.Journal of Cleaner Production，2017，147：37-43. |
| [16] | LV Weiguang， WANG Zhonghang， CAO Hongbin，et al.A critical review and analysis on the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteri-es［J］.ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering，2018，6（2）：1504-1521. |
| [17] | HARPER G， SOMMERVILLE R， KENDRICK E，et al.Recycling lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles［J］.Nature，2019，575（7781）：75-86. |
| [18] | 孙新华，侯雷，秦凯.锂离子电池电解质六氟磷酸锂市场分析［J］.无机盐工业，2021，53（3）：7-11. |
| SUN Xinhua， HOU Lei， QIN Kai.Market analysis of lithium hexafluorophosphate liquid electrolytes in lithium-ion battery［J］.Inorganic Chemicals Industry，2021，53（3）：7-11. | |
| [19] | SUN Jing， CHEN Wenxin， JIA Kexin，et al.Progress on the microwave-assisted recycling of spent lithium battery graphite［J］.Processes，2023，11（5）：1451. |
| [20] | KIM J Y， WU Jiajia， KIM E W，et al.Recycling for recovery of critical metals from LiCoO2 cathode material through methanesulfonic acid-citric acid organic leaching system［J］.Mining，Metallurgy & Exploration，2023，40（5）：1455-1467. |
| [21] | 于惠，王榆彬，廖折军，等.废旧三元锂离子动力电池循环再生利用工艺概述［J］.无机盐工业，2023，55（7）：32-37. |
| YU Hui， WANG Yubin， LIAO Zhejun，et al.Overview of recycling and utilization process of waste ternary lithium-ion power batteries［J］.Inorganic Chemicals Industry，2023，55（7）：32-37. | |
| [22] | QIU Ruijun， HUANG Zhe， ZHENG Jianyi，et al.Energy models and the process of fluid-magnetic separation for recovering cobalt micro-particles from vacuum reduction products of spent lithium ion batteries［J］.Journal of Cleaner Production，2021，279：123230. |
| [23] | YU Liuyang， LIU Xiaobin， FENG Shanshan，et al.Recent progress on sustainable recycling of spent lithium-ion battery：Efficient and closed-loop regeneration strategies for high-capacity layered NCM cathode materials［J］.Chemical Engineering Journal，2023，476：146733. |
| [24] | 程志翔，曹伟，户波，等.储能用大容量磷酸铁锂电池热失控行为及燃爆传播特性［J］.储能科学与技术，2023，12（3）：923- 933. |
| CHENG Zhixiang， CAO Wei， HU Bo，et al.Thermal runaway and explosion propagation characteristics of large lithium iron phosphate battery for energy storage station［J］.Energy Storage Science and Technology，2023，12（3）：923-933. | |
| [25] | ALI H， KHAN H A， PECHT M.Preprocessing of spent lithium-ion batteries for recycling：Need，methods，and trends［J］.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews，2022，168：112809. |
| [26] | WEIGL D， YOUNG D.Impact of automated battery sorting for mineral recovery from lithium-ion battery recycling in the United States［J］.Resources，Conservation and Recycling，2023，192：106936. |
| [27] | HUANG Kui， XIONG Hao， DONG Haili，et al.Carbon thermal reduction of waste ternary cathode materials and wet magnetic separation based on Ni/MnO nanocomposite particles［J］.Process Safety and Environmental Protection，2022，165：278-285. |
| [28] | LI Jia， WANG Guangxu， XU Zhenming.Environmentally-friendly oxygen-free roasting/wet magnetic separation technology for in situ recycling cobalt，lithium carbonate and graphite from spent LiCoO2/graphite lithium batteries［J］.Journal of Hazardous Materials，2016，302：97-104. |
| [29] | VERDUGO L， ZHANG Lian， ETSCHMANN B，et al.Effect of lithium ion on the separation of electrode materials in spent lithium ion batteries using froth flotation［J］.Separation and Purification Technology，2023，311：123241. |
| [30] | YANG Cheng， ZHANG Jialiang， LIANG Guoqiang，et al.An advanced strategy of “metallurgy before sorting” for recycling spent entire ternary lithium-ion batteries［J］.Journal of Cleaner Production，2022，361：132268. |
| [31] | 钟雪虎，陈玲玲，韩俊伟，等.废旧锂离子电池资源现状及回收利用［J］.工程科学学报，2021，43（2）：161-169. |
| ZHONG Xuehu， CHEN Lingling， HAN Junwei，et al.Overview of present situation and technologies for the recovery of spent lithium-ion batteries［J］.Chinese Journal of Engineering，2021，43（2）：161-169. | |
| [32] | 李万里，欧玉静.废旧磷酸铁锂电池正极材料回收工艺与技术的研究进展［J］.电池工业，2023，27（1）：37-42. |
| LI Wanli， Yujing OU.Research on recycling process and technology of spent lithium ion phosphate batteries［J］.Chinese Battery Industry，2023，27（1）：37-42. | |
| [33] | WANG Lihua， LI Jian， ZHOU Hongming，et al.Regeneration cathode material mixture from spent lithium iron phosphate batteries［J］.Journal of Materials Science：Materials in Electronics，2018，29（11）：9283-9290. |
| [34] | 赵光金，谷昆泓，夏大伟，等.废旧锂电池电极材料浮选行为及表面性质［J］.工程科学学报，2024，46（1）：97-108. |
| ZHAO Guangjin， GU Kunhong， XIA Dawei，et al.Flotation behavior and surface properties of spent lithium-ion battery electrode materials［J］.Chinese Journal of Engineering，2024，46（1）：97-108. | |
| [35] | MU Deying， MA Wenlu， YANG Wei，et al.Discharge of spent lithium ion battery and separation and recovery of cathode electrode［J］.Environmental Protection of Chemical Industry，2020，40（1）：63-67. |
| [36] | 王英东，邓明强，张承龙，等.废旧磷酸铁锂电池正极活性材料与集流体的分离［J］.上海第二工业大学学报，2019，36（1）：12-17. |
| WANG Yingdong， DENG Mingqiang， ZHANG Chenglong，et al.Separation of cathode active materials and current collector from spent lithium iron phosphate battery［J］.Journal of Shanghai Polytechnic University，2019，36（1）：12-17. | |
| [37] | LIU Jiadong， MAK T Y， MENG Zhe，et al.Efficient recovery of lithium as Li2CO3 and cobalt as Co3O4 from spent lithium-ion batteries after leaching with p-toluene sulfonic acid［J］.Hydrometallurgy，2023，216：106012. |
| [38] | 张梦龙，何几文，田欢，等.废旧锂离子电池中有价金属的回收研究进展［J］.化学工业与工程，2019，36（4）：23-30. |
| ZHANG Menglong， HE Jiwen， TIAN Huan，et al.Research progress on recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium ion batteries［J］.Chemical Industry and Engineering，2019，36（4）：23-30. | |
| [39] | PENG Chao， LIU Fupeng， WANG Zulin，et al.Selective extraction of lithium（Li） and preparation of battery grade lithium carbonate（Li2CO3） from spent Li-ion batteries in nitrate system［J］.Journal of Power Sources，2019，415：179-188. |
| [40] | ZHENG Hongshuai， DONG Tao， SHA Yifan，et al.Selective extraction of lithium from spent lithium batteries by functional ionic liquid［J］.ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering，2021，9（20）：7022-7029. |
| [41] | 王厚然，李德念，董楠航，等.退役磷酸铁锂电池与三元锂电池正极材料直接修复研究进展［J］.化工进展，2024，43（6）：3336-3346. |
| WANG Houran， LI Denian， DONG Nanhang，et al.Advances in direct repair of cathode materials from retired lithium iron phosphate battery and ternary lithium battery［J］.Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress，2024，43（6）：3336-3346. | |
| [42] | JIANG Guanghui， ZHANG Yannan， MENG Qi，et al.Direct regeneration of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 cathode from spent lithium-ion batteries by the molten salts method［J］.ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering，2020，8（49）：18138-18147. |
| [43] | CHEN Jiangping， LI Qingwen， SONG Jishun，et al.Environmentally friendly recycling and effective repairing of cathode powders from spent LiFePO4 batteries［J］.Green Chemistry，2016，18（8）：2500-2506. |
| [44] | GANTER M J， LANDI B J， BABBITT C W，et al.Cathode refunctionalization as a lithium ion battery recycling alternative［J］.Journal of Power Sources，2014，256：274-280. |
| [45] | LI Jiapeng， ZHANG Jie， ZHAO Wei，et al.Application of roasting flotation technology to enrich valuable metals from spent LiFePO4 batteries［J］.ACS Omega，2022，7（29）：25590-25599. |
| [46] | LIU Kang， LIU Lili， TAN Quanyin，et al.Selective extraction of lithium from a spent lithium iron phosphate battery by mechanochemical solid-phase oxidation［J］.Green Chemistry，2021，23（3）：1344-1352. |
| [47] | YANG Liming， GAO Zhe， LIU Tian，et al.Direct electrochemical leaching method for high-purity lithium recovery from spent lithium batteries［J］.Environmental Science & Technology，2023，57（11）：4591-4597. |
| [48] | 李伟达.电池级碳酸锂制备工艺研究解析［J］.世界有色金属，2021（5）：9-10. |
| LI Weida.Study and analysis of preparation technology of battery grade lithium carbonate［J］.World Nonferrous Metals，2021（5）：9-10. | |
| [49] | YI Wentao， YAN Chunyan， MA Peihua.Crystallization kinetics of Li2CO3 from LiHCO3 solutions［J］.Journal of Crystal Growth，2010，312（16/17）：2345-2350. |
| [50] | 薛峰峰，郭琬，周苏，等.粗品碳酸锂制备高纯碳酸锂工艺研究［J］.无机盐工业，2018，50（1）：46-48，81. |
| XUE Fengfeng， GUO Wan， ZHOU Su，et al.Study on preparation of high purity lithium carbonate from coarse lithium carbonate［J］.Inorganic Chemicals Industry，2018，50（1）：46-48，81. | |
| [51] | LIU Dongfu， ZHAO Zhongwei， XU Wenhua，et al.A closed-loop process for selective lithium recovery from brines via electrochemical and precipitation［J］.Desalination，2021，519：115302. |
| [52] | 郭贤慧，王永勤，王建萍，等.碳化分解法制备电池级碳酸锂的工艺研究［J］.无机盐工业，2019，51（1）：50-52. |
| GUO Xianhui， WANG Yongqin， WANG Jianping，et al.Study on preparation process of battery-grade lithium carbonate by carbonation-decomposition method［J］.Inorganic Chemicals Industry，2019，51（1）：50-52. | |
| [53] | LI Pengwu， YIN Xiaogang， CHENG Hu，et al.Technology of calcium and magnesium removal during preparation of battery grade lithium carbonate by hydrogenation decomposition［J］.Rare Metals & Cemented Carbides，2018，46（4）：69-72，77. |
| [54] | CHEN Wenlan， CHEN Chi， XIAO Hao，et al.Recovery of Li2CO3 from spent LiFePO4 by using a novel impurity elimination proce- ss［J］.Molecules，2023，28（9）：3902. |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
