贵州铜仁位于中国的“锰三角”地区，锰矿蕴藏量丰富，主要以菱锰矿的形式存在。采用X射线荧光光谱仪（XRF）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、同步热分析仪（TG-DSC）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等表征分析方法，对菱锰矿中C、O、Mn、Ca等元素的赋存状态、矿物学特征及热解性质进行了研究。结果表明：该矿物锰质量分数为14.656%、锰铁质量比为4.22，属低品位中铁酸性菱锰矿；矿石中的化学成分及物相组成较为复杂，其中锰元素主要存在形式为碳酸锰，少量为二氧化锰；钙和镁元素主要以白云石形式存在，少量以硅酸盐形式存在；500~600 ℃时菱锰矿分解生MnO和CO₂，高于600 ℃时菱锰矿中的白云石分解成生成 CaCO₃、MgO和CO₂，同时MgO与少量MnO会反应生成镁锰氧化物，温度达到800 ℃时，CaCO₃分解生成CaO和CO₂。研究结果可为铜仁地区菱锰矿的开发利用提供借鉴。

Tongren Guizhou is located in the“Manganese Triangle” region of China.The reserves of manganese ore are abundant，mainly in the form of rhodochrosite.X-ray fluorescence spectrometer（XRF），X-ray diffractometer（XRD），simultaneous thermal analyzer（TG-DSC），scanning electron microscope（SEM），X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS） and other modern characterization and analysis methods were used to study the occurrence state，mineralogical characteristics and pyrolysis properties of C，O，Mn，Ca and other elements in rhodochrosite.The results showed that the mass percentage of manganese in the mineral was 14.656 %，and the mass percentage of manganese/iron was about 4.22，which belonged to low-grade medium-iron acid rhodochrosite.The chemical composition and phase composition of the ore were relatively complex.Among them，the existence form of manganese element was mainly manganese carbonate，and a small amount was manganese dioxide.The calcium and magnesium elements were mainly in the form of dolomite，and a small amount existed in the form of silicate.At temperature ranging from 500 ℃ to 600 ℃，rhodochrosite was decomposed to MnO and CO₂.When the temperature was higher than 600 ℃，dolomite in rhodochrosite was decomposed into CaCO₃，MgO and CO₂.At the same time，MgO reacted with a small amount of MnO to form magnesium manganese oxides.When the temperature reached 800 ℃，CaCO₃ was decomposed to form CaO and CO₂.The research results could provide reference for the development and utilization of rhodochrosite in Tongren area.