锂离子电池多孔硅负极材料制备及工艺优化
收稿日期: 2023-07-26
网络出版日期: 2024-05-15
基金资助
台州市工业类科技计划项目(21gyb28);浙江省教育厅一般科研项目(Y202250304)
Preparation and process optimization of porous silicon anode materials for lithium-ion battery
Received date: 2023-07-26
Online published: 2024-05-15
为了有效改善硅基负极材料的性能及降低制备成本，以微米级单质硅为原料，通过金属辅助化学刻蚀法制备多孔硅负极材料，该方法步骤简单可控、成本低廉，易于大规模生产。采用场发射扫描电镜和电池测试系统，对比分析不同工艺参数下制得的硅负极材料的形貌和性能差异，从而进行工艺优化，并得出较优的工艺参数：AgNO3浓度约为0.015 mol/L、伽伐尼反应时间选择1~4 min、刻蚀剂中CHF/(CH2O2+CHF)为70%~90%。在合适的工艺参数下制备的多孔硅负极材料电化学性能明显优于硅负极材料，在0.5C倍率下循环50次后容量仍有1 130.7 mA·h/g，在2C、5C的倍率下仍有929、669 mA·h/g的较高比容量。该方法得到的多孔硅负极材料能够有效缓解单质硅负极材料体积膨胀严重和导电性差的问题，从而有效提高其电化学性能。
赵添婷 , 朱德伦 , 杨林 , 周鑫磊 . 锂离子电池多孔硅负极材料制备及工艺优化[J]. 无机盐工业, 2024 , 56(5) : 31 -38 . DOI: 10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2023-0387
In order to improve the performance of silicon-based anode materials and reduce the preparation cost，porous silicon anode materials were prepared by metal-assisted chemical etching method using micron-grade silicon as raw material.The method showed the advantages of simple and controllable steps，low cost and easy large-scale generation.By means of field emission scanning electron microscopy and battery testing system，the morphology and properties of silicon anode materials prepared under different process parameters were compared and analyzed，so as to optimize the process.The results showed that the optimum technological parameters were as follows：AgNO3 concentration was about 0.015 mol/L，reaction time of Galvani was 1~4 min，the CHF/(CH2O2+CHF) in etching agent was 70%~90%.The electrochemical performance of porous silicon anode material prepared under suitable process parameters was obviously superior to that of silicon anode material.After 50 cycles at 0.5C，the capacity of porous silicon anode material was still 1 130.7 mA·h/g.Under 2C and 5C rate tests，there were still high specific capacities of 929 and 669 mA·h/g，respectively.The results showed that porous silicon anode materials could effectively alleviate the bulk expansion and poor conductivity of the monomeric silicon anode materials，thus effectively improving its electrochemical properties.
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