牙舟陶在陶瓷业界具有举足轻重的地位，陶土对牙舟陶性能具有重要的影响。为加强对牙舟陶的研究，采用化学分析法、激光粒度仪、X射线衍射仪、综合热分析仪、数显白度仪等测试手段对牙舟陶土的化学组成、粒度分布、晶相组成、热性能及白度进行了检测。结果表明：牙舟陶土主要由石英和珍珠石组成，石英质量分数为59.34%、珍珠石质量分数为34.78%。牙舟陶土颗粒分布广泛，粒径小于6.5 μm的颗粒质量分数达到58.67%，粒径越小石英含量越低。在此基础上，结合贵州黔南丰富的磷矿资源，研究加入磷矿后牙舟陶土在煅烧过程中白度、硬度及物相组成的变化规律。研究表明：牙舟陶土的白度随着温度的升高先增大后减小，在1 100 ℃时达到最大值45.5%；加入磷矿组分后，在1 100 ℃时牙舟陶土的白度增加至54%，且煅烧时固熔体形成温度下降、烧结温度降低，并伴随钙长石矿物的产生。

Yazhou pottery has an important role in the ceramic industry，and clay has an important impact on the performance of Yazhou pottery.In order to strengthen the research on Yazhou pottery，the chemical composition，particle size distribution，crystal phase composition，thermal properties and whiteness of Yazhou clay were investigated by chemical analysis methods，laser particle size analyzer，X-ray diffractometer，comprehensive thermal analyzer，WSB digital whiteness meter and other testing methods.The results showed that the Yazhou clay was mainly composed of quartz and perlite. The content of quartz was 59.34% and the content of perlite was 34.78%.The particle size of Yazhou clay had a wide distribution，and the particles with a particle size of less than 6.5 μm was accounted for 58.67%.The smaller particle size，the lower quartz content.On this basis，combined with the abundant phosphate rock resources in Qiannan，Guizhou，the effect of the addition of phosphate rock on the whiteness，hardness and phase composition of the Yazhou clay during the calcination process was studied.The studies showed that the whiteness of Yazhou clay first increased and then decreased with increasing temperature，reaching a maximum of 45.5% at 1 100 ℃.After adding the phosphate rock component，the whiteness increased to 54% at 1 100 ℃，and the solid solution formation temperature decreased during calcination，the sintering temperature decreased，which was accompanied by the production of anorthite minerals.