通过对全球石墨资源的勘查与研究成果进行收集和整理,系统总结了国内外石墨资源储量、生产、消费与进出口贸易等变化趋势。研究表明,全球近99.91%的石墨资源高度集中分布于除南极洲外其他六大洲的土耳其、中国、巴西、马达加斯加、莫桑比克、坦桑尼亚、印度、乌兹别克斯坦与墨西哥等9个国家;中国石墨产量约占2020年世界石墨总产量的59.09%,石墨消费量、进出口量分别约占2019年世界总市场份额的60%、24.28%与52.73%,均居全球第一;与世界先进国家相比,中国优质高级别石墨较少、获取更高附加值石墨产品能力不足。随着全国新一代信息技术、新能源、新材料等战略性新兴产业的迅猛发展,国内优质石墨资源的消费需求将大幅增加。因此,加大高品质石墨矿产勘查、加强石墨产业结构优化升级、完善石墨资源战略储备机制、推动“卡脖子”关键技术攻关、实现全国石墨上中下游产业链绿色协调可持续发展势在必行。

The change trend of graphite resources reserves,production,consumption and import and export trade at home and abroad was systematically summarized by collecting and organizing the exploration and research results of global graphite resources.Research showed that nearly 99.91% of the graphite resources in the world were highly distributed in nine countries,including Turkey,China,Brazil,Madagascar,Mozambique,Tanzania,India,Uzbekistan and Mexico,which were located in six continents except Antarctica.China′s graphite production account was about 59.09% of the global graphite production in 2020,and its graphite consumption,imports and exports account was about 60%,24.28% and 52.73% of the global market share in 2019,respectively,all ranking first in the world.Compared with the advanced countries in the world,China had less high-quality and high-grade graphite and less ability to obtain higher value-added graphite products.With the rapid development of China′s new generation of information technology,new energy,new materials and other strategic emerging industries,the consumption demand for high-quality graphite resources would greatly increase.Therefore,it is imperative to increase the exploration of high-quality graphite minerals,strengthen the optimization and upgrading of graphite industrial structure,improve the strategic reserve mechanism of graphite resources,promote the neck key technology research,and realize the green,coordinated and sustainable development of the national graphite industry chain.