金属有机框架材料的绿色合成
收稿日期: 2020-08-13
网络出版日期: 2021-02-06
Synthesis of metal organic frameworks material
Received date: 2020-08-13
Online published: 2021-02-06
金属有机框架化合物（Metal-organic frameworks,简称MOFs）是由金属离子（或簇）与有机配体配位并经由自组装而形成的一类多孔材料[1]。MOFs具有极其发达的孔道结构,比表面积和孔容远超其他多孔材料。有机/无机杂化这一特点也赋予了MOFs其他材料（例如沸石、活性炭等）所不具备的无限结构功能可调性[2]。此外,MOFs具有移除客体分子而主体框架完好保持的持久孔道或孔穴,这使得MOFs具有超乎寻常的化学及物理稳定性。正是基于以上这些特点,MOFs在许多领域有着丰富的应用[3-4],例如催化[5]、H2储存[6]、CO2捕集[7]、药物运输[8]、污染物吸附[9]、生物医学成像[10]等方面。MOFs的商业化探索成为了目前的热点。MOFs的很多应用都与可持续发展及“绿色材料”有关,但MOFs本身的合成过程也需要考虑可持续性和环境影响。金属有机化学所面临的环境挑战是独特的,因为它将金属离子、有机配体的危害联系在一起,且合成过程大多需要大量能耗。主要介绍了金属有机框架材料的绿色可持续合成,主要分为4个方面：1）使用更安全或生物相容性的配体;2）使用更绿色、低成本的金属源;3）绿色溶剂的开发;4）无溶剂合成法。
张彦星 , 吴一楠 , 李风亭 . 金属有机框架材料的绿色合成[J]. 无机盐工业, 2021 , 53(2) : 17 -23 . DOI: 10.11962/1006-4990.2020-0148
Metal-organic frameworks（MOFs） are a class of porous materials formed by self-assembly of metal ions（or clus-ters） with organic ligands[1] MOFs have extremely developed pore structure,and their specific surface area and pore volume are far superior to other porous materials.The feature of organic/inorganic hybridization has also given infinite structural and functional tunability to MOFs that other materials（such as zeolite and activated carbon,etc.） do not possess[2].In addition,MOFs have persistent pores and cavitation that remove the guest molecules while the host framework remains intact,which makes MOFs exceptionally chemically and physically stable.Based on these characteristics,MOFs have many applications in many fields[3-4],such as catalysis[5],H2 storage[6],CO2 capture[7],drug delivery[8],pollutants adsorption[9],biomedical imaging[10] and so on.The commercialization of MOFs has become a hot spot.Many applications of MOFs are related to sustainable development and “green materials”,but the synthesis process of MOFs itself also needs to consider sustainability and environ-mental impacts.The environmental challenges facing metal organic chemistry are unique because they link the hazards of metalions and organic ligands,and most of the synthesis process requires a lot of energy.This review mainly introduces the green and sustainable synthesis of metal-organic framework materials,which are mainly divided into four aspects：1）using safer or biocompatible ligands;2）using greener,low-cost metal sources;3）development of green solvents;4）solvent-free synthesis.
Key words： metal organic frameworks; porous materials; green synthesis
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